CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for CSS skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited CSS over the 6 months to 6 June 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
6 Jun 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 56 49 35
Rank change year-on-year -7 -14 -11
Permanent jobs citing CSS 4,253 5,280 14,930
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 3.97% 5.62% 8.72%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 19.50% 19.37% 21.08%
Number of salaries quoted 2,904 3,116 5,960
10th Percentile £31,250 £36,250 £32,500
25th Percentile £38,750 £43,750 £40,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £52,500 £55,414 £55,000
Median % change year-on-year -5.26% +0.75% +10.00%
75th Percentile £67,500 £75,000 £70,499
90th Percentile £80,000 £92,500 £87,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £52,500 £50,000
% change year-on-year -4.76% +5.00% +11.11%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS is in the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 21,805 27,260 70,832
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 20.38% 29.04% 41.39%
Number of salaries quoted 16,126 17,774 30,060
10th Percentile £36,250 £40,500 £37,750
25th Percentile £45,000 £50,000 £47,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £67,500 £65,000
Median % change year-on-year -11.11% +3.85% +18.18%
75th Percentile £78,750 £87,500 £82,500
90th Percentile £100,000 £106,250 £100,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £57,500 £55,000
% change year-on-year -4.35% +4.55% +10.00%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 6 June 2024.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 6 June 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -6 3,528 £52,500 -8.70% 928
UK excluding London -5 3,334 £50,000 -4.76% 710
Work from Home 0 1,719 £52,500 -4.90% 473
North of England 0 807 £47,500 -9.52% 218
London -39 768 £70,000 - 266
South East -17 742 £55,000 +4.76% 133
North West -6 532 £50,000 -4.76% 127
Midlands -4 477 £45,000 -18.18% 141
South West +24 445 £50,000 +4.17% 80
Scotland +2 407 £60,000 +14.29% 40
East of England +4 284 £49,020 -1.96% 80
East Midlands +24 244 £45,000 -7.69% 65
West Midlands -34 228 £47,500 -13.64% 76
Yorkshire -4 214 £45,000 -14.29% 62
Wales +13 106 £50,000 +11.11% 19
Northern Ireland +14 66 £45,000 -14.29% 18
North East -11 61 £42,500 -22.73% 29

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 293 (6.89%) ArcGIS
2 282 (6.63%) GeoServer
3 248 (5.83%) WordPress
4 242 (5.69%) CMS
5 83 (1.95%) SharePoint
6 75 (1.76%) IIS
7 53 (1.25%) FileNet
8 51 (1.20%) Drupal
9 44 (1.03%) Umbraco
10 42 (0.99%) Apache
11 36 (0.85%) nginx
12 25 (0.59%) SAS
13 20 (0.47%) Cloud Foundry
14 18 (0.42%) Confluence
15 15 (0.35%) Apache Solr
16 11 (0.26%) Headless CMS
17 10 (0.24%) Microsoft Exchange
18 9 (0.21%) Sitecore CMS
19 7 (0.16%) Joomla!
20 6 (0.14%) Moodle
Applications
1 65 (1.53%) Photoshop
2 52 (1.22%) Adobe XD
3 36 (0.85%) Microsoft Excel
4 33 (0.78%) Adobe Illustrator
4 33 (0.78%) Microsoft Office
5 30 (0.71%) Adobe Creative Suite
6 29 (0.68%) Sketch
7 14 (0.33%) InVision
8 9 (0.21%) Trello
9 7 (0.16%) Adobe After Effects
10 6 (0.14%) Acrobat
10 6 (0.14%) InDesign
10 6 (0.14%) Microsoft PowerPoint
11 4 (0.094%) Adobe Premiere
11 4 (0.094%) SPSS
12 3 (0.071%) Final Cut Pro
12 3 (0.071%) MadCap Flare
12 3 (0.071%) RoboHelp
12 3 (0.071%) Spreadsheet
12 3 (0.071%) UserZoom
Business Applications
1 75 (1.76%) Magento
2 56 (1.32%) Shopify
3 39 (0.92%) Dynamics CRM
4 37 (0.87%) SDL Web 8
5 22 (0.52%) Payment Gateway
6 20 (0.47%) Remedy ITSM
7 13 (0.31%) Salesforce CRM
8 6 (0.14%) SAP PLM
8 6 (0.14%) Teamcenter
9 5 (0.12%) NetSuite
10 3 (0.071%) Maximo
10 3 (0.071%) Sage 200
10 3 (0.071%) SAP Business One
11 2 (0.047%) CiviCRM
11 2 (0.047%) nopCommerce
11 2 (0.047%) SAP GRC
12 1 (0.024%) Sage 50
12 1 (0.024%) Towers Watson Igloo
Cloud Services
1 1,581 (37.17%) Azure
2 877 (20.62%) AWS
3 412 (9.69%) Azure DevOps
4 238 (5.60%) IBM Cloud
5 206 (4.84%) Serverless
6 165 (3.88%) SaaS
7 156 (3.67%) Azure Service Bus
8 155 (3.64%) Azure Functions
9 147 (3.46%) GitHub
10 141 (3.32%) Azure Logic Apps
11 138 (3.24%) Power Platform
12 126 (2.96%) Azure API Management
13 93 (2.19%) GCP
14 90 (2.12%) Figma
15 85 (2.00%) Amazon S3
16 66 (1.55%) Power Automate
17 58 (1.36%) Dynamics 365
17 58 (1.36%) Google Analytics
18 55 (1.29%) PowerApps
19 51 (1.20%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 81 (1.90%) Internet
2 56 (1.32%) HTTP
3 55 (1.29%) TCP/IP
4 50 (1.18%) DNS
5 39 (0.92%) SSL
6 22 (0.52%) Firewall
6 22 (0.52%) MQTT
7 18 (0.42%) Network Security
7 18 (0.42%) SSH
8 16 (0.38%) SNMP
9 14 (0.33%) VPN
10 12 (0.28%) Modbus
11 8 (0.19%) Intranet
12 6 (0.14%) FTP
12 6 (0.14%) OpenVPN
12 6 (0.14%) Wi-Fi
13 5 (0.12%) Reverse Proxy
13 5 (0.12%) VoIP
14 4 (0.094%) Skype
14 4 (0.094%) Wireshark
Database & Business Intelligence
1 846 (19.89%) SQL Server
2 709 (16.67%) PostgreSQL
3 516 (12.13%) MySQL
4 423 (9.95%) NoSQL
5 337 (7.92%) Relational Database
6 332 (7.81%) MongoDB
7 314 (7.38%) GIS
8 282 (6.63%) QGIS
9 240 (5.64%) DB2
10 189 (4.44%) Azure SQL Database
11 107 (2.52%) Elasticsearch
12 87 (2.05%) Power BI
13 55 (1.29%) Apache Cassandra
14 41 (0.96%) Tableau
15 40 (0.94%) Redis
16 24 (0.56%) SQL Server Reporting Services
17 23 (0.54%) Looker
18 22 (0.52%) Geospatial Data
19 21 (0.49%) Oracle Database
19 21 (0.49%) SQL Server Integration Services
Development Applications
1 838 (19.70%) Git
2 212 (4.98%) JIRA
3 179 (4.21%) Visual Studio
4 148 (3.48%) JUnit
5 138 (3.24%) Cypress.io
6 109 (2.56%) Selenium
7 92 (2.16%) Jasmine
8 77 (1.81%) Karma Test Runner
9 73 (1.72%) GitLab
10 65 (1.53%) Jenkins
11 64 (1.50%) WebDriver
12 62 (1.46%) Protractor
12 62 (1.46%) webpack
13 60 (1.41%) Bitbucket
14 56 (1.32%) TeamCity
15 54 (1.27%) Moq
15 54 (1.27%) NUnit
16 49 (1.15%) Team Foundation Server
16 49 (1.15%) Visual Studio Code
17 46 (1.08%) gulp
General
1 841 (19.77%) Social Skills
2 574 (13.50%) Finance
3 464 (10.91%) Inclusion and Diversity
4 456 (10.72%) Marketing
5 344 (8.09%) Public Sector
6 308 (7.24%) Law
7 187 (4.40%) Banking
8 177 (4.16%) Analytical Skills
9 173 (4.07%) Retail
10 112 (2.63%) Legal
11 99 (2.33%) Investment Banking
12 83 (1.95%) Advertising
13 60 (1.41%) Games
14 50 (1.18%) Manufacturing
15 44 (1.03%) Organisational Skills
16 43 (1.01%) Telecoms
17 30 (0.71%) Electronics
18 28 (0.66%) Presentation Skills
19 27 (0.63%) Publishing
20 26 (0.61%) Back Office
Job Titles
1 2,733 (64.26%) Developer
2 943 (22.17%) Senior
3 705 (16.58%) Software Engineer
4 568 (13.36%) .NET Developer
5 545 (12.81%) Full Stack Developer
6 529 (12.44%) Senior Developer
7 342 (8.04%) Lead
8 308 (7.24%) PHP Developer
9 305 (7.17%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
10 304 (7.15%) Software Developer
11 278 (6.54%) Senior Software Engineer
12 275 (6.47%) C# Developer
13 249 (5.85%) Full Stack Engineer
14 236 (5.55%) Web Developer
15 181 (4.26%) C# .NET Developer
16 177 (4.16%) Azure Developer
17 133 (3.13%) React Developer
18 130 (3.06%) Lead Software Engineer
19 122 (2.87%) Lead Developer
20 116 (2.73%) Java Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 3,650 (85.82%) HTML
2 1,897 (44.60%) .NET
3 1,768 (41.57%) React
4 1,112 (26.15%) AngularJS
5 973 (22.88%) jQuery
6 942 (22.15%) ASP.NET
7 828 (19.47%) .NET Core
8 806 (18.95%) HTML5
9 724 (17.02%) Vue
10 659 (15.49%) Twitter Bootstrap
11 623 (14.65%) Node.js
12 596 (14.01%) CSS3
13 589 (13.85%) Web Services
14 576 (13.54%) REST
15 451 (10.60%) Entity Framework
16 419 (9.85%) .NET Framework
17 410 (9.64%) RESTful
18 383 (9.01%) ASP.NET MVC
19 371 (8.72%) Laravel
20 368 (8.65%) JSON
Miscellaneous
1 371 (8.72%) Data Structures
2 344 (8.09%) Algorithms
3 244 (5.74%) Blockchain
4 238 (5.60%) Hybrid Cloud
5 179 (4.21%) Greenfield Project
6 140 (3.29%) Cloud Native
7 138 (3.24%) Mobile App
8 127 (2.99%) Self-Motivation
9 118 (2.77%) e-Learning
10 116 (2.73%) Product Ownership
11 64 (1.50%) Onboarding
12 58 (1.36%) CMDB
13 53 (1.25%) Legacy Systems
14 50 (1.18%) Legacy Code
15 44 (1.03%) Public Cloud
16 43 (1.01%) IoT
17 42 (0.99%) Social Media
18 39 (0.92%) Management Information System
19 38 (0.89%) Graphic Design
19 38 (0.89%) Virtual Team
Operating Systems
1 469 (11.03%) Linux
2 404 (9.50%) Windows
3 293 (6.89%) Android
4 283 (6.65%) Apple iOS
5 24 (0.56%) Unix
6 12 (0.28%) Windows Server
7 11 (0.26%) Ubuntu
8 8 (0.19%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
9 6 (0.14%) CentOS
9 6 (0.14%) Mac OS
10 5 (0.12%) AIX
10 5 (0.12%) VMS
11 2 (0.047%) Mac OS X
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,751 (41.17%) Agile
2 1,374 (32.31%) Full Stack Development
3 1,203 (28.29%) Web Development
4 1,011 (23.77%) DevOps
5 999 (23.49%) Software Engineering
6 964 (22.67%) MVC
7 841 (19.77%) User Experience
8 793 (18.65%) Problem-Solving
9 635 (14.93%) Front End Development
10 520 (12.23%) Artificial Intelligence
11 486 (11.43%) OOP
12 483 (11.36%) OO
13 462 (10.86%) CI/CD
14 455 (10.70%) Mentoring
14 455 (10.70%) TDD
15 451 (10.60%) Design Patterns
16 426 (10.02%) Computer Science
17 380 (8.93%) E-Commerce
18 371 (8.72%) Responsive Web Design
19 345 (8.11%) SOLID
Programming Languages
1 3,576 (84.08%) JavaScript
2 1,854 (43.59%) C#
3 1,411 (33.18%) SQL
4 792 (18.62%) TypeScript
5 745 (17.52%) Python
6 744 (17.49%) PHP
7 649 (15.26%) Java
8 190 (4.47%) T-SQL
9 64 (1.50%) PowerShell
10 55 (1.29%) C++
11 54 (1.27%) Go
12 52 (1.22%) VB.NET
13 48 (1.13%) C
14 43 (1.01%) Ruby
15 29 (0.68%) Kotlin
16 26 (0.61%) XPath
17 23 (0.54%) Apex Code
17 23 (0.54%) PL/SQL
17 23 (0.54%) XAML
18 22 (0.52%) VBA
Qualifications
1 634 (14.91%) Degree
2 371 (8.72%) Security Cleared
3 337 (7.92%) SC Cleared
4 223 (5.24%) Computer Science Degree
5 56 (1.32%) Microsoft Certification
6 32 (0.75%) BPSS Clearance
7 26 (0.61%) Master's Degree
8 23 (0.54%) DBS Check
9 14 (0.33%) CTC Cleared
10 12 (0.28%) Postgraduate
11 11 (0.26%) Azure Certification
12 6 (0.14%) HND
13 4 (0.094%) DV Cleared
13 4 (0.094%) ISEB
13 4 (0.094%) ISTQB
13 4 (0.094%) ITIL Certification
13 4 (0.094%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
13 4 (0.094%) PMI Certification
14 3 (0.071%) AWS Certification
14 3 (0.071%) MCPD
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 226 (5.31%) Accessibility
2 175 (4.11%) QA
3 67 (1.58%) WCAG
4 27 (0.63%) GDPR
4 27 (0.63%) PMO
5 25 (0.59%) SLA
6 14 (0.33%) WAI
7 5 (0.12%) ISO/IEC 27001
8 4 (0.094%) GRC
8 4 (0.094%) ISO 9001
8 4 (0.094%) MiFID
9 3 (0.071%) Data Quality
9 3 (0.071%) HIPAA
10 2 (0.047%) Cyber Essentials
10 2 (0.047%) HL7
11 1 (0.024%) ISO 13485
11 1 (0.024%) NIST
System Software
1 241 (5.67%) Docker
2 23 (0.54%) Active Directory
3 14 (0.33%) Firmware
4 6 (0.14%) Virtual Desktop
5 5 (0.12%) VMware Infrastructure
6 2 (0.047%) Hyper-V
6 2 (0.047%) KVM
6 2 (0.047%) Terminal Services
6 2 (0.047%) Virtual Machines
6 2 (0.047%) VMware ESXi
7 1 (0.024%) NFS
7 1 (0.024%) Varnish
Systems Management
1 211 (4.96%) Kubernetes
2 45 (1.06%) Terraform
3 30 (0.71%) Single Sign-On
4 13 (0.31%) WMI
5 11 (0.26%) MIIS
6 10 (0.24%) Ansible
7 8 (0.19%) cPanel
8 6 (0.14%) Active Directory Federation Services
8 6 (0.14%) Nagios
8 6 (0.14%) Progress Chef
8 6 (0.14%) Puppet
9 4 (0.094%) HP UCMDB
9 4 (0.094%) Plesk
10 3 (0.071%) Galera Cluster
10 3 (0.071%) logstash
11 2 (0.047%) Istio
11 2 (0.047%) RSA Archer
12 1 (0.024%) Grafana
12 1 (0.024%) Kibana
12 1 (0.024%) systemd
Vendors
1 533 (12.53%) Microsoft
2 294 (6.91%) ESRI
3 244 (5.74%) Red Hat
4 238 (5.60%) IBM
5 221 (5.20%) Oracle
6 170 (4.00%) Adobe
7 136 (3.20%) Google
8 64 (1.50%) ServiceNow
9 58 (1.36%) Salesforce
10 51 (1.20%) Facebook
10 51 (1.20%) WooCommerce
11 42 (0.99%) Atlassian
11 42 (0.99%) SAP
12 30 (0.71%) Xamarin
13 25 (0.59%) OpenAI
14 24 (0.56%) Splunk
15 23 (0.54%) HP
16 21 (0.49%) F5
17 20 (0.47%) BMC
17 20 (0.47%) Remedy