Unit Testing Contracts

Unit Testing
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for Unit Testing skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited Unit Testing over the 6 months to 1 June 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
1 Jun 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 174 185 167
Rank change year-on-year +11 -18 -9
Contract jobs citing Unit Testing 587 800 1,482
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 1.36% 1.43% 1.69%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 1.60% 1.59% 1.87%
Number of daily rates quoted 379 556 1,008
10th Percentile £375 £406 £385
25th Percentile £450 £470 £450
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £575 £550
Median % change year-on-year -8.70% +4.55% +10.00%
75th Percentile £633 £650 £650
90th Percentile £688 £747 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £525 £525 £513
% change year-on-year - +2.44% +13.89%
Number of hourly rates quoted 53 39 25
10th Percentile - £48.55 £39.78
25th Percentile £61.25 £51.40 £53.25
Median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £60.00
Median % change year-on-year - +8.33% +30.43%
75th Percentile - £70.59 £67.50
90th Percentile - £78.00 £68.45
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £60.00
% change year-on-year - +8.33% +30.43%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

Unit Testing is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 36,802 50,277 79,372
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 85.47% 89.69% 90.61%
Number of daily rates quoted 23,632 34,811 55,790
10th Percentile £300 £325 £345
25th Percentile £413 £438 £431
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £538
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +2.33% +7.50%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £644
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £488
% change year-on-year - +2.56% +9.18%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,530 1,673 1,868
10th Percentile £12.75 £10.63 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £15.72 £15.63
Median hourly rate £36.50 £36.25 £25.68
Median % change year-on-year +0.69% +41.16% +9.74%
75th Percentile £60.75 £65.00 £50.00
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £65.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £38.12 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +8.91% +75.00% -4.76%

Unit Testing
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing Unit Testing as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing Unit Testing.

Daily rate trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing Unit Testing over the 6 months to 1 June 2024.

Daily rate histogram for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing Unit Testing.

Hourly rate trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing Unit Testing over the 6 months to 1 June 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Top 14 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing Unit Testing within the UK over the 6 months to 1 June 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England +13 492 £540 -7.61% 245
UK excluding London +5 260 £525 - 165
London +22 255 £538 -10.42% 84
Work from Home +21 212 £500 -9.09% 135
North of England +46 66 £498 -9.55% 54
East of England +18 57 £550 +69.23% 14
South East -7 53 £625 +13.64% 37
North West +44 44 £495 -15.74% 34
Scotland +24 43 £483 -0.92% 16
South West -35 31 £650 +13.04% 12
Yorkshire +20 22 £550 - 13
Wales +21 7 £526 -4.02% 1
Midlands -1 3 £450 -18.18% 34
West Midlands 0 2 £450 -24.37% 24

Unit Testing
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 19 (3.24%) Apache Spark
2 14 (2.39%) Apache
3 13 (2.21%) Confluence
4 12 (2.04%) Apache Airflow
5 10 (1.70%) CMS
6 5 (0.85%) Mule
7 4 (0.68%) ArcGIS
7 4 (0.68%) JBoss
8 3 (0.51%) SharePoint
8 3 (0.51%) WebLogic
8 3 (0.51%) WebSphere
9 2 (0.34%) Alfresco
9 2 (0.34%) Anypoint
9 2 (0.34%) nginx
9 2 (0.34%) SAS
9 2 (0.34%) Tomcat
9 2 (0.34%) Traefik
9 2 (0.34%) WildFly
10 1 (0.17%) Adobe Experience Manager
10 1 (0.17%) Jupyter
Applications
1 5 (0.85%) Microsoft Excel
2 3 (0.51%) Microsoft Office
3 2 (0.34%) Microsoft PowerPoint
3 2 (0.34%) Microsoft Project
4 1 (0.17%) Chatbot
Business Applications
1 18 (3.07%) SAP S/4HANA
2 9 (1.53%) Dynamics CRM
3 5 (0.85%) SAP EWM
4 4 (0.68%) SAP CO
4 4 (0.68%) SAP FI
4 4 (0.68%) SAP FI/CO
4 4 (0.68%) SAP PP
4 4 (0.68%) SAP QM
5 3 (0.51%) Oracle Procure-to-Pay
5 3 (0.51%) SAP Retail
5 3 (0.51%) SAP VC
6 2 (0.34%) Front Arena
6 2 (0.34%) Oracle Cash Management
6 2 (0.34%) Oracle EBS
6 2 (0.34%) Oracle EBS R12
6 2 (0.34%) Oracle Financials
6 2 (0.34%) Oracle Payables
6 2 (0.34%) Oracle Receivables
6 2 (0.34%) SAP R/3
6 2 (0.34%) Shopify
Cloud Services
1 137 (23.34%) AWS
2 131 (22.32%) Azure
3 54 (9.20%) Azure DevOps
4 46 (7.84%) Serverless
5 44 (7.50%) GCP
6 29 (4.94%) GitHub
7 24 (4.09%) Azure Data Factory
8 23 (3.92%) Amazon S3
9 21 (3.58%) Azure Functions
9 21 (3.58%) Power Platform
10 20 (3.41%) AWS Lambda
11 19 (3.24%) Azure Cosmos DB
11 19 (3.24%) Dynamics 365
12 17 (2.90%) Azure Monitor
12 17 (2.90%) dbt
12 17 (2.90%) GitHub Actions
13 13 (2.21%) AWS CloudFormation
13 13 (2.21%) Entra ID
14 12 (2.04%) Amazon CloudWatch
14 12 (2.04%) Azure Service Bus
Communications & Networking
1 35 (5.96%) RS-485
2 34 (5.79%) Modbus
2 34 (5.79%) RS-422
3 13 (2.21%) TCP/IP
4 11 (1.87%) Ethernet
5 9 (1.53%) BGP
5 9 (1.53%) Ethernet VPN
5 9 (1.53%) MPLS
5 9 (1.53%) VPN
6 8 (1.36%) HTTP
6 8 (1.36%) Radio Access Network
7 4 (0.68%) SSL
8 2 (0.34%) DNS
8 2 (0.34%) Tactical Data Link
9 1 (0.17%) HTTPS
9 1 (0.17%) Internet
9 1 (0.17%) Multicast
9 1 (0.17%) SNMP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 77 (13.12%) PostgreSQL
2 66 (11.24%) NoSQL
3 51 (8.69%) SQL Server
4 45 (7.67%) Relational Database
5 26 (4.43%) Oracle Database
6 22 (3.75%) Data Warehouse
6 22 (3.75%) SQL Server Integration Services
7 17 (2.90%) MongoDB
8 16 (2.73%) MySQL
9 15 (2.56%) Azure SQL Database
10 14 (2.39%) Oracle Database 11g
11 13 (2.21%) Power BI
12 12 (2.04%) Big Data
13 11 (1.87%) Apache Cassandra
13 11 (1.87%) DynamoDB
14 10 (1.70%) Amazon Aurora
15 8 (1.36%) Amazon RDS
15 8 (1.36%) Hadoop
15 8 (1.36%) SQL Server Reporting Services
16 6 (1.02%) Tableau
Development Applications
1 136 (23.17%) Git
2 66 (11.24%) JIRA
3 44 (7.50%) JUnit
4 33 (5.62%) Jenkins
5 23 (3.92%) Visual Studio
6 20 (3.41%) Selenium
7 18 (3.07%) Cypress.io
8 17 (2.90%) GitLab
8 17 (2.90%) Mockito
8 17 (2.90%) TeamCity
9 15 (2.56%) Android Studio
10 12 (2.04%) Maven
11 11 (1.87%) Eclipse
12 10 (1.70%) Storybook
13 9 (1.53%) Cucumber
13 9 (1.53%) Robot Framework
13 9 (1.53%) Team Foundation Server
13 9 (1.53%) TestRail
14 8 (1.36%) Subversion
15 7 (1.19%) NUnit
General
1 147 (25.04%) Social Skills
2 90 (15.33%) Finance
3 68 (11.58%) Analytical Skills
4 58 (9.88%) Public Sector
5 36 (6.13%) Electronics
6 29 (4.94%) Banking
7 23 (3.92%) Presentation Skills
8 11 (1.87%) Military
9 10 (1.70%) Retail
10 9 (1.53%) Inclusion and Diversity
10 9 (1.53%) Pharmaceutical
11 7 (1.19%) Investment Banking
11 7 (1.19%) Law
11 7 (1.19%) Manufacturing
12 6 (1.02%) Aerospace
12 6 (1.02%) Marketing
12 6 (1.02%) Organisational Skills
12 6 (1.02%) Wearables
13 5 (0.85%) Legal
13 5 (0.85%) Telecoms
Job Titles
1 343 (58.43%) Developer
2 72 (12.27%) Software Engineer
3 54 (9.20%) Java Developer
4 51 (8.69%) Full Stack Developer
5 49 (8.35%) Senior
6 39 (6.64%) Lead
7 36 (6.13%) C++ Software Engineer
8 33 (5.62%) C# Developer
9 28 (4.77%) .NET Developer
10 27 (4.60%) Senior Developer
11 26 (4.43%) Data Engineer
12 22 (3.75%) Azure Developer
13 21 (3.58%) Python Developer
14 20 (3.41%) Test Engineer
15 19 (3.24%) Android Developer
16 18 (3.07%) Angular Developer
16 18 (3.07%) Consultant
17 16 (2.73%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
17 16 (2.73%) Software Developer
18 15 (2.56%) SQL Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 104 (17.72%) React
2 89 (15.16%) REST
3 73 (12.44%) .NET
4 69 (11.75%) Spring
5 68 (11.58%) RESTful
6 55 (9.37%) AngularJS
7 54 (9.20%) Spring Boot
8 52 (8.86%) HTML
9 51 (8.69%) Node.js
9 51 (8.69%) Web Services
10 49 (8.35%) CSS
11 45 (7.67%) Kafka
12 35 (5.96%) Hibernate
13 31 (5.28%) JPA
14 29 (4.94%) SOAP
15 28 (4.77%) .NET Core
16 24 (4.09%) .NET Framework
17 23 (3.92%) XML
18 21 (3.58%) Jest
19 17 (2.90%) FastAPI
Miscellaneous
1 38 (6.47%) Product Ownership
2 33 (5.62%) Self-Motivation
3 20 (3.41%) Mobile App
4 18 (3.07%) Algorithms
4 18 (3.07%) Data Structures
5 14 (2.39%) Distributed Systems
6 13 (2.21%) Legacy Systems
7 9 (1.53%) Greenfield Project
8 7 (1.19%) Data Protection Act
8 7 (1.19%) iPad
8 7 (1.19%) iPhone
8 7 (1.19%) Life Science
9 6 (1.02%) Cloud Native
9 6 (1.02%) Hedge funds
10 5 (0.85%) Management Information System
10 5 (0.85%) Renewable Energy
11 4 (0.68%) Public Cloud
12 3 (0.51%) Blockchain
12 3 (0.51%) LIMS
12 3 (0.51%) State Machine
Operating Systems
1 35 (5.96%) Linux
2 23 (3.92%) Unix
2 23 (3.92%) Windows
3 22 (3.75%) Android
4 10 (1.70%) Apple iOS
5 3 (0.51%) Embedded Linux
5 3 (0.51%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
6 2 (0.34%) CentOS
7 1 (0.17%) AIX
7 1 (0.17%) VMS
7 1 (0.17%) Windows Server
Processes & Methodologies
1 299 (50.94%) Agile
2 211 (35.95%) DevOps
3 154 (26.24%) CI/CD
4 141 (24.02%) Software Engineering
5 136 (23.17%) TDD
6 133 (22.66%) Test Automation
7 107 (18.23%) Continuous Integration
8 97 (16.52%) Microservices
8 97 (16.52%) Scrum
9 84 (14.31%) Software Testing
10 74 (12.61%) Problem-Solving
11 68 (11.58%) Full Stack Development
12 66 (11.24%) OO
13 63 (10.73%) Continuous Improvement
13 63 (10.73%) Integration Testing
14 54 (9.20%) Pair Programming
15 53 (9.03%) Analytics
16 51 (8.69%) Front End Development
17 49 (8.35%) User Acceptance Testing
18 46 (7.84%) High Availability
Programming Languages
1 171 (29.13%) Java
2 156 (26.58%) SQL
3 129 (21.98%) Python
4 128 (21.81%) C#
5 96 (16.35%) JavaScript
6 84 (14.31%) TypeScript
7 78 (13.29%) C++
8 65 (11.07%) C
9 41 (6.98%) PL/SQL
10 27 (4.60%) Kotlin
11 26 (4.43%) Scala
12 15 (2.56%) Bash
13 14 (2.39%) PowerShell
14 11 (1.87%) Bicep
14 11 (1.87%) Go
14 11 (1.87%) Perl
15 10 (1.70%) T-SQL
16 9 (1.53%) Swift
17 8 (1.36%) Objective-C
17 8 (1.36%) Shell Script
Qualifications
1 104 (17.72%) Security Cleared
2 88 (14.99%) SC Cleared
3 40 (6.81%) Degree
4 32 (5.45%) DV Cleared
5 20 (3.41%) Computer Science Degree
6 7 (1.19%) Master's Degree
7 5 (0.85%) BPSS Clearance
8 3 (0.51%) CTC Cleared
9 1 (0.17%) ISTQB
9 1 (0.17%) Numerate Degree
9 1 (0.17%) PhD
9 1 (0.17%) PMI Certification
9 1 (0.17%) PMP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 59 (10.05%) QA
2 23 (3.92%) Accessibility
3 17 (2.90%) Data Quality
4 10 (1.70%) GDPR
5 6 (1.02%) Disclosure Scotland
6 5 (0.85%) WCAG
7 4 (0.68%) SLA
8 3 (0.51%) MiFID
8 3 (0.51%) NCSC
9 2 (0.34%) PCI DSS
10 1 (0.17%) HIPAA
System Software
1 91 (15.50%) Docker
2 16 (2.73%) Active Directory
3 6 (1.02%) VMware Infrastructure
4 5 (0.85%) HDFS
5 3 (0.51%) Virtual Machines
Systems Management
1 74 (12.61%) Kubernetes
2 30 (5.11%) Terraform
3 25 (4.26%) Grafana
4 9 (1.53%) Prometheus
5 6 (1.02%) Puppet
6 5 (0.85%) Ansible
6 5 (0.85%) Hadoop YARN
6 5 (0.85%) Kibana
7 4 (0.68%) Istio
8 3 (0.51%) Podman
8 3 (0.51%) Progress Chef
9 2 (0.34%) Consul
9 2 (0.34%) Docker Swarm
9 2 (0.34%) Graphite
9 2 (0.34%) HAProxy
9 2 (0.34%) linkerd
9 2 (0.34%) Packer
9 2 (0.34%) ZABBIX
10 1 (0.17%) Active Directory Federation Services
10 1 (0.17%) HP ALM
Vendors
1 67 (11.41%) Oracle
2 61 (10.39%) Microsoft
3 38 (6.47%) SAP
4 18 (3.07%) Google
5 15 (2.56%) Avaloq
6 13 (2.21%) Databricks
7 12 (2.04%) OpenAI
8 7 (1.19%) Adobe
8 7 (1.19%) Splunk
8 7 (1.19%) VMware
9 6 (1.02%) Salesforce
9 6 (1.02%) Typelevel
10 5 (0.85%) MuleSoft
11 4 (0.68%) Ariba
11 4 (0.68%) FIS
11 4 (0.68%) Liquidlogic
11 4 (0.68%) Xamarin
12 3 (0.51%) Citrix
12 3 (0.51%) Informatica
12 3 (0.51%) JDA