CSS Contracts

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for CSS skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited CSS over the 6 months to 1 June 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
1 Jun 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 104 91 63
Rank change year-on-year -13 -28 -8
Contract jobs citing CSS 937 1,467 3,242
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 2.18% 2.62% 3.70%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 10.34% 11.40% 13.75%
Number of daily rates quoted 658 1,068 2,367
10th Percentile £313 £325 £363
25th Percentile £413 £413 £425
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £498 £500 £525
Median % change year-on-year -0.50% -4.76% +16.67%
75th Percentile £587 £625 £638
90th Percentile £679 £713 £725
UK excluding London median daily rate £450 £450 £465
% change year-on-year - -3.23% +14.81%
Number of hourly rates quoted 25 17 43
10th Percentile £32.16 £21.00 £23.10
25th Percentile £40.00 £25.25 £37.66
Median hourly rate £62.50 £52.50 £57.00
Median % change year-on-year +19.05% -7.89% +42.50%
75th Percentile £70.00 £75.00 £67.43
90th Percentile - £85.00 £75.75
UK excluding London median hourly rate £62.50 £38.48 £56.50
% change year-on-year +62.42% -31.89% +44.17%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS is in the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 9,058 12,870 23,572
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 21.04% 22.96% 26.91%
Number of daily rates quoted 6,281 9,398 17,328
10th Percentile £350 £400 £400
25th Percentile £425 £463 £463
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £538 £550 £550
Median % change year-on-year -2.27% - +10.00%
75th Percentile £650 £675 £669
90th Percentile £775 £775 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £500
% change year-on-year - - +11.11%
Number of hourly rates quoted 257 147 222
10th Percentile £21.89 £30.45 £25.05
25th Percentile £43.00 £51.25 £35.00
Median hourly rate £47.50 £65.00 £52.50
Median % change year-on-year -26.92% +23.81% +16.67%
75th Percentile £66.25 £75.00 £67.36
90th Percentile £74.46 £80.55 £76.96
UK excluding London median hourly rate £48.43 £65.00 £55.25
% change year-on-year -25.49% +17.65% +22.78%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Daily rate trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 1 June 2024.

Daily rate histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Hourly rate trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 1 June 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 1 June 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -12 757 £500 - 790
London +5 449 £523 -5.00% 224
Work from Home -1 404 £490 +2.24% 466
UK excluding London -21 349 £450 - 590
South East -3 86 £375 -11.76% 116
North of England -37 77 £450 - 180
Scotland +22 59 £454 -5.32% 29
North West -27 45 £450 -10.00% 110
South West +2 41 £533 +18.44% 74
Midlands -26 41 £425 - 116
East of England +5 34 £442 -1.83% 68
Yorkshire -11 29 £475 +7.95% 48
West Midlands -7 21 £500 +17.65% 70
East Midlands -16 20 £231 -45.59% 46
Wales +16 6 £450 +5.88% 15
Northern Ireland - 5 - - 10
North East +5 3 £405 -4.71% 22

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 65 (6.94%) CMS
2 34 (3.63%) SharePoint
3 32 (3.42%) Confluence
4 19 (2.03%) Headless CMS
5 18 (1.92%) nginx
5 18 (1.92%) WordPress
6 13 (1.39%) Apache
7 11 (1.17%) Adobe Experience Manager
8 8 (0.85%) Drupal
8 8 (0.85%) IIS
8 8 (0.85%) Kentico
8 8 (0.85%) Umbraco
9 7 (0.75%) SharePoint 2010
9 7 (0.75%) SharePoint Server
10 2 (0.21%) Gunicorn
10 2 (0.21%) Moodle
10 2 (0.21%) Tomcat
11 1 (0.11%) Apache Spark
11 1 (0.11%) Cloud Foundry
11 1 (0.11%) Skype for Business
Applications
1 14 (1.49%) Photoshop
2 13 (1.39%) Sketch
3 12 (1.28%) Adobe Illustrator
4 11 (1.17%) Microsoft Excel
5 10 (1.07%) InVision
6 9 (0.96%) Adobe XD
7 8 (0.85%) Microsoft Office
8 6 (0.64%) Adobe After Effects
8 6 (0.64%) Microsoft PowerPoint
9 5 (0.53%) Adobe Creative Suite
10 2 (0.21%) Elementor
11 1 (0.11%) 3ds Max
11 1 (0.11%) Blender
11 1 (0.11%) Chatbot
11 1 (0.11%) InDesign
11 1 (0.11%) MS Visio
11 1 (0.11%) OmniGraffle
11 1 (0.11%) UXPin
Business Applications
1 11 (1.17%) Dynamics CRM
2 7 (0.75%) Shopify
3 5 (0.53%) NetSuite
3 5 (0.53%) Salesforce CRM
4 4 (0.43%) Magento
5 3 (0.32%) Maximo
5 3 (0.32%) Payment Gateway
6 2 (0.21%) WebTrends
7 1 (0.11%) Adobe Campaign
7 1 (0.11%) SAP GRC
7 1 (0.11%) Unica
7 1 (0.11%) Workfront
Cloud Services
1 191 (20.38%) Azure
2 156 (16.65%) AWS
3 73 (7.79%) Azure DevOps
4 57 (6.08%) Power Platform
5 49 (5.23%) GCP
6 48 (5.12%) GitHub
7 42 (4.48%) Azure Service Bus
8 39 (4.16%) Figma
8 39 (4.16%) Power Automate
9 31 (3.31%) Serverless
10 29 (3.09%) PowerApps
11 26 (2.77%) Entra ID
12 24 (2.56%) Azure Cosmos DB
13 21 (2.24%) Dynamics 365
14 19 (2.03%) Amazon S3
15 18 (1.92%) SaaS
16 17 (1.81%) AWS Lambda
16 17 (1.81%) Azure Monitor
17 16 (1.71%) AWS Elastic Beanstalk
17 16 (1.71%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 29 (3.09%) HTTP
2 22 (2.35%) Intranet
3 18 (1.92%) Firewall
4 17 (1.81%) Software-Defined Radio
4 17 (1.81%) VPN
5 16 (1.71%) SNMP
6 7 (0.75%) DNS
7 5 (0.53%) TCP/IP
7 5 (0.53%) VoIP
8 3 (0.32%) Internet
8 3 (0.32%) MQTT
9 2 (0.21%) FTP
10 1 (0.11%) DHCP
10 1 (0.11%) HbbTV
10 1 (0.11%) Network Security
10 1 (0.11%) Skype
10 1 (0.11%) SSH
10 1 (0.11%) VLAN
Database & Business Intelligence
1 109 (11.63%) SQL Server
2 60 (6.40%) MySQL
3 49 (5.23%) PostgreSQL
4 41 (4.38%) MongoDB
5 40 (4.27%) Relational Database
6 32 (3.42%) Power BI
7 30 (3.20%) NoSQL
8 17 (1.81%) Oracle Database
8 17 (1.81%) Redis
9 14 (1.49%) Amazon Aurora
10 13 (1.39%) Elasticsearch
11 10 (1.07%) BigQuery
12 9 (0.96%) Metadata
13 8 (0.85%) Azure SQL Database
14 7 (0.75%) MariaDB
14 7 (0.75%) PowerPivot
14 7 (0.75%) Qlik Sense
14 7 (0.75%) SQL Server Reporting Services
14 7 (0.75%) Triplestore
15 6 (0.64%) Microsoft Power View
Development Applications
1 168 (17.93%) Git
2 75 (8.00%) JIRA
3 37 (3.95%) Jenkins
4 29 (3.09%) Bitbucket
5 27 (2.88%) webpack
6 26 (2.77%) Cypress.io
7 20 (2.13%) GitLab
8 19 (2.03%) Eclipse
8 19 (2.03%) Robot Framework
9 16 (1.71%) GoogleTest
10 15 (1.60%) Selenium
11 14 (1.49%) Storybook
11 14 (1.49%) Visual Studio Code
12 13 (1.39%) git-flow
13 10 (1.07%) Maven
13 10 (1.07%) TeamCity
14 8 (0.85%) Axure RP
14 8 (0.85%) Jasmine
14 8 (0.85%) Postman
15 7 (0.75%) Karma Test Runner
General
1 201 (21.45%) Social Skills
2 139 (14.83%) Finance
3 93 (9.93%) Public Sector
4 89 (9.50%) Analytical Skills
5 74 (7.90%) Banking
6 57 (6.08%) Marketing
7 19 (2.03%) Presentation Skills
7 19 (2.03%) Retail
8 18 (1.92%) Publishing
9 17 (1.81%) Front Office
10 16 (1.71%) Telecoms
11 15 (1.60%) Investment Banking
12 12 (1.28%) Inclusion and Diversity
13 11 (1.17%) Advertising
13 11 (1.17%) Back Office
14 8 (0.85%) Aerospace
14 8 (0.85%) Automotive
14 8 (0.85%) Tech for Good
15 7 (0.75%) Games
16 5 (0.53%) Manufacturing
Job Titles
1 625 (66.70%) Developer
2 125 (13.34%) Full Stack Developer
3 120 (12.81%) Senior
4 118 (12.59%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
5 86 (9.18%) React Developer
6 81 (8.64%) Senior Developer
7 49 (5.23%) Lead
8 48 (5.12%) Software Engineer
9 45 (4.80%) Java Developer
10 43 (4.59%) .NET Developer
11 41 (4.38%) Designer
12 39 (4.16%) Software Developer
13 38 (4.06%) JavaScript Developer
14 36 (3.84%) Full Stack Engineer
15 33 (3.52%) Angular Developer
15 33 (3.52%) UI Developer
16 31 (3.31%) Architect
17 29 (3.09%) Senior Front-End Developer
18 28 (2.99%) Java Engineer
19 26 (2.77%) JavaScript Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 820 (87.51%) HTML
2 374 (39.91%) React
3 190 (20.28%) AngularJS
4 175 (18.68%) Node.js
5 169 (18.04%) .NET
6 158 (16.86%) REST
7 114 (12.17%) HTML5
8 83 (8.86%) jQuery
9 80 (8.54%) Sass
10 79 (8.43%) ASP.NET
11 77 (8.22%) Web Services
12 76 (8.11%) CSS3
13 74 (7.90%) RESTful
14 73 (7.79%) XML
15 67 (7.15%) .NET Core
16 63 (6.72%) Spring
16 63 (6.72%) Vue
17 58 (6.19%) JSON
18 45 (4.80%) GraphQL
18 45 (4.80%) Spring Boot
Miscellaneous
1 49 (5.23%) Product Ownership
2 26 (2.77%) Fixed Income
3 25 (2.67%) Mobile App
4 23 (2.45%) Data Structures
5 19 (2.03%) Self-Motivation
6 18 (1.92%) Greenfield Project
6 18 (1.92%) Legacy Systems
7 16 (1.71%) Enterprise Software
7 16 (1.71%) Management Information System
8 15 (1.60%) CMDB
9 14 (1.49%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
10 13 (1.39%) Derivative
10 13 (1.39%) Hedge funds
11 12 (1.28%) Algorithms
11 12 (1.28%) Public Cloud
12 10 (1.07%) Animation
13 9 (0.96%) Cloud Native
14 8 (0.85%) Data Protection Act
15 7 (0.75%) Distributed Systems
15 7 (0.75%) Marketing Technology
Operating Systems
1 66 (7.04%) Linux
2 29 (3.09%) Unix
3 24 (2.56%) Windows
4 12 (1.28%) Android
4 12 (1.28%) Apple iOS
5 10 (1.07%) Windows Server
6 5 (0.53%) CentOS
6 5 (0.53%) Windows Server 2016
6 5 (0.53%) Windows Server 2019
7 1 (0.11%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Processes & Methodologies
1 345 (36.82%) Agile
2 212 (22.63%) Full Stack Development
3 177 (18.89%) Front End Development
3 177 (18.89%) User Experience
4 168 (17.93%) Problem-Solving
5 165 (17.61%) DevOps
6 154 (16.44%) Web Development
7 149 (15.90%) CI/CD
8 129 (13.77%) Software Engineering
9 105 (11.21%) Scrum
10 101 (10.78%) TDD
11 90 (9.61%) MVC
12 89 (9.50%) Microservices
13 87 (9.28%) Computer Science
14 85 (9.07%) Test Automation
14 85 (9.07%) UX Design
15 59 (6.30%) Analytics
16 57 (6.08%) Clean Code
16 57 (6.08%) Code Quality
17 53 (5.66%) OO
Programming Languages
1 719 (76.73%) JavaScript
2 293 (31.27%) TypeScript
3 179 (19.10%) Java
4 172 (18.36%) SQL
5 164 (17.50%) C#
6 100 (10.67%) Python
7 67 (7.15%) PHP
8 49 (5.23%) PowerShell
9 33 (3.52%) Bicep
10 31 (3.31%) C++
11 19 (2.03%) Bash
11 19 (2.03%) Shell Script
12 18 (1.92%) T-SQL
13 16 (1.71%) Apex Code
14 12 (1.28%) Ruby
15 11 (1.17%) C
16 10 (1.07%) Kotlin
17 8 (0.85%) Go
17 8 (0.85%) Perl
17 8 (0.85%) PL/SQL
Qualifications
1 105 (11.21%) Degree
2 101 (10.78%) Security Cleared
3 89 (9.50%) SC Cleared
4 68 (7.26%) Computer Science Degree
5 19 (2.03%) Master's Degree
6 12 (1.28%) BPSS Clearance
7 11 (1.17%) PMP
8 8 (0.85%) PMI Certification
9 7 (0.75%) Azure Certification
10 6 (0.64%) DV Cleared
10 6 (0.64%) ITIL Certification
11 4 (0.43%) Microsoft Certification
11 4 (0.43%) Numerate Degree
12 3 (0.32%) CTC Cleared
13 2 (0.21%) CISSP
13 2 (0.21%) OCP
13 2 (0.21%) Oracle Certification
14 1 (0.11%) CEH
14 1 (0.11%) CISM
14 1 (0.11%) SANS
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 93 (9.93%) Accessibility
2 48 (5.12%) QA
3 37 (3.95%) WCAG
4 9 (0.96%) Data Quality
5 8 (0.85%) GDPR
6 4 (0.43%) Disclosure Scotland
6 4 (0.43%) GRC
7 3 (0.32%) NIST
7 3 (0.32%) SLA
8 2 (0.21%) HIPAA
9 1 (0.11%) ISO 20022
9 1 (0.11%) MiFID
System Software
1 45 (4.80%) Docker
2 43 (4.59%) Active Directory
3 17 (1.81%) Firmware
4 9 (0.96%) VMware Infrastructure
5 2 (0.21%) Hyper-V
5 2 (0.21%) VirtualBox
6 1 (0.11%) NFS
Systems Management
1 37 (3.95%) Kubernetes
2 19 (2.03%) Single Sign-On
3 17 (1.81%) Terraform
4 9 (0.96%) Kibana
5 8 (0.85%) Grafana
6 6 (0.64%) Ansible
7 5 (0.53%) logstash
8 4 (0.43%) Opsgenie
8 4 (0.43%) Puppet
9 3 (0.32%) Netcool
9 3 (0.32%) PingFederate
10 2 (0.21%) Prometheus
11 1 (0.11%) Progress Chef
11 1 (0.11%) RSA Archer
11 1 (0.11%) systemd
11 1 (0.11%) Zipkin
Vendors
1 114 (12.17%) Microsoft
2 50 (5.34%) Google
3 46 (4.91%) ServiceNow
4 45 (4.80%) Adobe
5 35 (3.74%) Oracle
6 27 (2.88%) Salesforce
7 23 (2.45%) Atlassian
8 18 (1.92%) SAP
9 14 (1.49%) Optimizely
10 9 (0.96%) Salesforce Marketing Cloud
10 9 (0.96%) VMware
11 7 (0.75%) Red Hat
11 7 (0.75%) Splunk
12 6 (0.64%) dotdigital
13 5 (0.53%) Dynatrace
13 5 (0.53%) Ensighten
13 5 (0.53%) MicroStrategy
13 5 (0.53%) Monetate
13 5 (0.53%) Tealium
13 5 (0.53%) WooCommerce