CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for CSS skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited CSS over the 6 months to 18 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
18 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 57 43 36
Rank change year-on-year -14 -7 -12
Permanent jobs citing CSS 4,118 6,329 13,712
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 4.12% 6.38% 8.53%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 19.52% 21.11% 20.85%
Number of salaries quoted 2,873 3,195 5,956
10th Percentile £31,250 £36,740 £32,500
25th Percentile £38,750 £45,000 £40,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £52,500 £57,000 £55,000
Median % change year-on-year -7.89% +3.64% +10.00%
75th Percentile £67,500 £76,250 £70,000
90th Percentile £80,000 £92,500 £87,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £52,500 £48,500
% change year-on-year -4.76% +8.25% +7.78%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS is in the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 21,101 29,987 65,773
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 21.12% 30.24% 40.92%
Number of salaries quoted 15,749 18,481 29,851
10th Percentile £36,250 £40,588 £37,500
25th Percentile £45,000 £50,500 £47,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £67,500 £63,750
Median % change year-on-year -11.11% +5.88% +15.91%
75th Percentile £78,750 £87,500 £82,500
90th Percentile £100,000 £106,250 £100,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £57,500 £55,000
% change year-on-year -4.35% +4.55% +10.00%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 18 May 2024.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 18 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -17 3,387 £52,500 -8.70% 883
UK excluding London -18 3,222 £50,000 -4.76% 657
Work from Home +1 1,679 £54,000 -2.55% 571
North of England -16 771 £47,500 -9.52% 172
London -39 750 £70,000 - 313
South East -21 715 £55,000 +4.76% 144
North West -19 503 £50,000 -3.85% 93
Midlands -24 437 £45,000 -18.18% 145
South West +26 432 £50,000 +5.26% 76
Scotland -9 420 £59,470 +13.28% 36
East of England +5 282 £50,000 -9.09% 63
East Midlands +5 227 £45,000 -14.29% 60
Yorkshire -12 208 £45,000 -14.29% 59
West Midlands -51 205 £47,500 -13.64% 84
Wales +8 104 £50,000 +11.11% 19
Northern Ireland +12 61 £45,000 -14.29% 15
North East -6 60 £42,500 -22.73% 20

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 291 (7.07%) ArcGIS
2 282 (6.85%) GeoServer
3 238 (5.78%) WordPress
4 228 (5.54%) CMS
5 84 (2.04%) SharePoint
6 70 (1.70%) IIS
7 53 (1.29%) FileNet
8 51 (1.24%) Drupal
9 43 (1.04%) Umbraco
10 39 (0.95%) Apache
11 36 (0.87%) nginx
12 25 (0.61%) SAS
13 20 (0.49%) Cloud Foundry
14 18 (0.44%) Confluence
15 14 (0.34%) Apache Solr
16 11 (0.27%) Headless CMS
16 11 (0.27%) Microsoft Exchange
17 9 (0.22%) Sitecore CMS
18 7 (0.17%) Joomla!
18 7 (0.17%) Moodle
Applications
1 62 (1.51%) Photoshop
2 47 (1.14%) Adobe XD
3 35 (0.85%) Microsoft Excel
4 32 (0.78%) Microsoft Office
5 31 (0.75%) Adobe Illustrator
6 29 (0.70%) Adobe Creative Suite
7 25 (0.61%) Sketch
8 12 (0.29%) InVision
9 9 (0.22%) Trello
10 7 (0.17%) Adobe After Effects
11 6 (0.15%) Acrobat
11 6 (0.15%) InDesign
11 6 (0.15%) Microsoft PowerPoint
12 4 (0.097%) Adobe Premiere
12 4 (0.097%) SPSS
13 3 (0.073%) Final Cut Pro
13 3 (0.073%) Spreadsheet
13 3 (0.073%) UserZoom
14 2 (0.049%) FileZilla
15 1 (0.024%) SketchUp
Business Applications
1 65 (1.58%) Magento
2 51 (1.24%) Shopify
3 38 (0.92%) Dynamics CRM
4 29 (0.70%) SDL Web 8
5 21 (0.51%) Remedy ITSM
6 20 (0.49%) Payment Gateway
7 12 (0.29%) Salesforce CRM
8 6 (0.15%) SAP PLM
8 6 (0.15%) Teamcenter
9 5 (0.12%) NetSuite
10 3 (0.073%) Maximo
10 3 (0.073%) Sage 200
10 3 (0.073%) SAP Business One
11 2 (0.049%) CiviCRM
11 2 (0.049%) nopCommerce
11 2 (0.049%) SAP GRC
12 1 (0.024%) Sage 50
12 1 (0.024%) Towers Watson Igloo
Cloud Services
1 1,558 (37.83%) Azure
2 861 (20.91%) AWS
3 408 (9.91%) Azure DevOps
4 238 (5.78%) IBM Cloud
5 208 (5.05%) Serverless
6 167 (4.06%) SaaS
7 157 (3.81%) Azure Functions
8 152 (3.69%) Azure Service Bus
9 143 (3.47%) GitHub
10 141 (3.42%) Azure Logic Apps
11 130 (3.16%) Power Platform
12 125 (3.04%) Azure API Management
13 90 (2.19%) Figma
13 90 (2.19%) GCP
14 84 (2.04%) Amazon S3
15 66 (1.60%) Power Automate
16 57 (1.38%) Google Analytics
16 57 (1.38%) PowerApps
17 56 (1.36%) Dynamics 365
18 52 (1.26%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 81 (1.97%) Internet
2 56 (1.36%) HTTP
3 55 (1.34%) TCP/IP
4 50 (1.21%) DNS
5 37 (0.90%) SSL
6 23 (0.56%) MQTT
7 22 (0.53%) Firewall
8 18 (0.44%) SSH
9 16 (0.39%) SNMP
10 14 (0.34%) Network Security
11 13 (0.32%) VPN
12 12 (0.29%) Modbus
13 8 (0.19%) Intranet
14 7 (0.17%) OpenVPN
15 6 (0.15%) FTP
15 6 (0.15%) Wi-Fi
16 5 (0.12%) Reverse Proxy
16 5 (0.12%) VoIP
17 4 (0.097%) Broadband
17 4 (0.097%) Wireshark
Database & Business Intelligence
1 810 (19.67%) SQL Server
2 699 (16.97%) PostgreSQL
3 483 (11.73%) MySQL
4 426 (10.34%) NoSQL
5 336 (8.16%) Relational Database
6 331 (8.04%) MongoDB
7 312 (7.58%) GIS
8 282 (6.85%) QGIS
9 240 (5.83%) DB2
10 187 (4.54%) Azure SQL Database
11 106 (2.57%) Elasticsearch
12 84 (2.04%) Power BI
13 55 (1.34%) Apache Cassandra
14 42 (1.02%) Redis
15 35 (0.85%) Tableau
16 26 (0.63%) Looker
17 22 (0.53%) Geospatial Data
17 22 (0.53%) Oracle Database
17 22 (0.53%) SQL Server Reporting Services
18 21 (0.51%) MariaDB
Development Applications
1 800 (19.43%) Git
2 198 (4.81%) JIRA
3 176 (4.27%) Visual Studio
4 143 (3.47%) JUnit
5 133 (3.23%) Cypress.io
6 109 (2.65%) Selenium
7 95 (2.31%) Jasmine
8 80 (1.94%) Karma Test Runner
9 68 (1.65%) GitLab
10 65 (1.58%) Jenkins
10 65 (1.58%) WebDriver
11 62 (1.51%) Protractor
12 59 (1.43%) webpack
13 56 (1.36%) Bitbucket
14 50 (1.21%) Visual Studio Code
15 48 (1.17%) Team Foundation Server
16 46 (1.12%) gulp
16 46 (1.12%) NUnit
16 46 (1.12%) TeamCity
17 45 (1.09%) Moq
General
1 806 (19.57%) Social Skills
2 579 (14.06%) Finance
3 469 (11.39%) Inclusion and Diversity
4 451 (10.95%) Marketing
5 344 (8.35%) Public Sector
6 312 (7.58%) Law
7 192 (4.66%) Banking
8 184 (4.47%) Analytical Skills
9 172 (4.18%) Retail
10 104 (2.53%) Legal
11 102 (2.48%) Investment Banking
12 81 (1.97%) Advertising
13 62 (1.51%) Games
14 52 (1.26%) Manufacturing
15 45 (1.09%) Telecoms
16 43 (1.04%) Organisational Skills
17 31 (0.75%) Electronics
18 27 (0.66%) Presentation Skills
19 26 (0.63%) Back Office
20 24 (0.58%) Tech for Good
Job Titles
1 2,634 (63.96%) Developer
2 901 (21.88%) Senior
3 701 (17.02%) Software Engineer
4 552 (13.40%) .NET Developer
5 522 (12.68%) Full Stack Developer
6 493 (11.97%) Senior Developer
7 334 (8.11%) Lead
8 303 (7.36%) Software Developer
9 297 (7.21%) PHP Developer
10 296 (7.19%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
11 278 (6.75%) Senior Software Engineer
12 258 (6.27%) C# Developer
13 243 (5.90%) Full Stack Engineer
14 224 (5.44%) Web Developer
15 173 (4.20%) Azure Developer
16 172 (4.18%) C# .NET Developer
17 134 (3.25%) Lead Software Engineer
18 128 (3.11%) React Developer
19 122 (2.96%) Lead Developer
20 117 (2.84%) Java Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 3,518 (85.43%) HTML
2 1,847 (44.85%) .NET
3 1,725 (41.89%) React
4 1,086 (26.37%) AngularJS
5 949 (23.05%) jQuery
6 921 (22.37%) ASP.NET
7 819 (19.89%) .NET Core
8 777 (18.87%) HTML5
9 699 (16.97%) Vue
10 644 (15.64%) Twitter Bootstrap
11 625 (15.18%) Node.js
12 577 (14.01%) CSS3
13 576 (13.99%) Web Services
14 567 (13.77%) REST
15 439 (10.66%) Entity Framework
16 414 (10.05%) .NET Framework
17 387 (9.40%) RESTful
18 378 (9.18%) ASP.NET MVC
19 363 (8.81%) JSON
20 356 (8.64%) Laravel
Miscellaneous
1 373 (9.06%) Data Structures
2 343 (8.33%) Algorithms
3 248 (6.02%) Blockchain
4 238 (5.78%) Hybrid Cloud
5 171 (4.15%) Greenfield Project
6 142 (3.45%) Cloud Native
7 130 (3.16%) Mobile App
8 121 (2.94%) Self-Motivation
9 119 (2.89%) e-Learning
10 116 (2.82%) Product Ownership
11 62 (1.51%) Onboarding
12 59 (1.43%) CMDB
13 50 (1.21%) Public Cloud
14 48 (1.17%) Legacy Systems
15 45 (1.09%) IoT
16 39 (0.95%) Enterprise Software
16 39 (0.95%) Virtual Team
17 38 (0.92%) Legacy Code
17 38 (0.92%) Management Information System
18 37 (0.90%) Social Media
Operating Systems
1 454 (11.02%) Linux
2 400 (9.71%) Windows
3 297 (7.21%) Android
4 287 (6.97%) Apple iOS
5 22 (0.53%) Unix
6 12 (0.29%) Windows Server
7 9 (0.22%) Ubuntu
8 7 (0.17%) CentOS
8 7 (0.17%) Mac OS
8 7 (0.17%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
9 4 (0.097%) AIX
10 3 (0.073%) VMS
11 2 (0.049%) Mac OS X
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,721 (41.79%) Agile
2 1,323 (32.13%) Full Stack Development
3 1,179 (28.63%) Web Development
4 1,000 (24.28%) DevOps
5 991 (24.07%) Software Engineering
6 952 (23.12%) MVC
7 813 (19.74%) User Experience
8 747 (18.14%) Problem-Solving
9 616 (14.96%) Front End Development
10 524 (12.72%) Artificial Intelligence
11 475 (11.53%) OOP
12 473 (11.49%) OO
13 455 (11.05%) CI/CD
14 446 (10.83%) TDD
15 445 (10.81%) Design Patterns
16 433 (10.51%) Mentoring
17 400 (9.71%) Computer Science
18 358 (8.69%) Responsive Web Design
19 354 (8.60%) E-Commerce
20 333 (8.09%) SOLID
Programming Languages
1 3,451 (83.80%) JavaScript
2 1,813 (44.03%) C#
3 1,376 (33.41%) SQL
4 791 (19.21%) TypeScript
5 715 (17.36%) Python
6 711 (17.27%) PHP
7 645 (15.66%) Java
8 185 (4.49%) T-SQL
9 64 (1.55%) PowerShell
10 53 (1.29%) C++
11 52 (1.26%) Go
12 46 (1.12%) VB.NET
13 45 (1.09%) C
14 42 (1.02%) Ruby
15 28 (0.68%) Kotlin
16 24 (0.58%) PL/SQL
17 23 (0.56%) Objective-C
17 23 (0.56%) XAML
18 22 (0.53%) VBA
18 22 (0.53%) XPath
Qualifications
1 605 (14.69%) Degree
2 364 (8.84%) Security Cleared
3 331 (8.04%) SC Cleared
4 207 (5.03%) Computer Science Degree
5 60 (1.46%) Microsoft Certification
6 29 (0.70%) BPSS Clearance
7 22 (0.53%) DBS Check
8 21 (0.51%) Master's Degree
9 18 (0.44%) CTC Cleared
10 12 (0.29%) Postgraduate
11 10 (0.24%) Azure Certification
12 6 (0.15%) HND
12 6 (0.15%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
13 4 (0.097%) ISEB
13 4 (0.097%) ISTQB
13 4 (0.097%) PMI Certification
14 3 (0.073%) AWS Certification
14 3 (0.073%) DV Cleared
14 3 (0.073%) MCPD
14 3 (0.073%) MCT
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 223 (5.42%) Accessibility
2 172 (4.18%) QA
3 69 (1.68%) WCAG
4 30 (0.73%) PMO
5 26 (0.63%) GDPR
6 25 (0.61%) SLA
7 18 (0.44%) WAI
8 5 (0.12%) ISO/IEC 27001
9 4 (0.097%) GRC
9 4 (0.097%) ISO 9001
9 4 (0.097%) MiFID
10 3 (0.073%) Data Quality
10 3 (0.073%) HIPAA
11 2 (0.049%) Cyber Essentials
11 2 (0.049%) HL7
11 2 (0.049%) PCI DSS
12 1 (0.024%) ISO 13485
12 1 (0.024%) NIST
System Software
1 245 (5.95%) Docker
2 23 (0.56%) Active Directory
3 15 (0.36%) Firmware
4 5 (0.12%) Virtual Desktop
4 5 (0.12%) VMware Infrastructure
5 2 (0.049%) Terminal Services
6 1 (0.024%) NFS
6 1 (0.024%) Varnish
Systems Management
1 207 (5.03%) Kubernetes
2 42 (1.02%) Terraform
3 26 (0.63%) Single Sign-On
4 13 (0.32%) WMI
5 10 (0.24%) MIIS
6 8 (0.19%) Ansible
7 6 (0.15%) cPanel
8 5 (0.12%) Active Directory Federation Services
8 5 (0.12%) HP UCMDB
8 5 (0.12%) Nagios
8 5 (0.12%) Progress Chef
8 5 (0.12%) Puppet
9 3 (0.073%) Galera Cluster
9 3 (0.073%) logstash
10 2 (0.049%) Istio
10 2 (0.049%) Plesk
10 2 (0.049%) RSA Archer
11 1 (0.024%) Grafana
11 1 (0.024%) Kibana
11 1 (0.024%) systemd
Vendors
1 543 (13.19%) Microsoft
2 292 (7.09%) ESRI
3 243 (5.90%) Red Hat
4 238 (5.78%) IBM
5 221 (5.37%) Oracle
6 160 (3.89%) Adobe
7 129 (3.13%) Google
8 63 (1.53%) ServiceNow
9 52 (1.26%) Facebook
10 50 (1.21%) Salesforce
11 49 (1.19%) WooCommerce
12 43 (1.04%) SAP
13 42 (1.02%) Atlassian
14 33 (0.80%) Xamarin
15 24 (0.58%) HP
16 22 (0.53%) OpenAI
17 21 (0.51%) BMC
17 21 (0.51%) Remedy
17 21 (0.51%) Splunk
18 16 (0.39%) F5