SQL (Structured Query Language)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for SQL skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited SQL over the 6 months to 12 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
12 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 13 12 10
Rank change year-on-year -1 -2 -2
Contract jobs citing SQL 4,220 6,796 10,791
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 9.81% 11.68% 12.32%
As % of the Programming Languages category 33.15% 33.60% 33.98%
Number of daily rates quoted 3,065 4,898 7,784
10th Percentile £357 £363 £363
25th Percentile £425 £425 £431
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £538 £536 £525
Median % change year-on-year +0.28% +2.10% +7.69%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £744
UK excluding London median daily rate £475 £486 £463
% change year-on-year -2.31% +5.14% +8.82%
Number of hourly rates quoted 63 93 148
10th Percentile £23.00 £19.11 £16.25
25th Percentile £32.94 £26.48 £20.75
Median hourly rate £45.00 £50.00 £35.00
Median % change year-on-year -10.00% +42.86% +29.63%
75th Percentile £59.24 £70.00 £53.81
90th Percentile £62.99 £84.60 £64.13
UK excluding London median hourly rate £42.50 £40.59 £26.98
% change year-on-year +4.71% +50.44% +12.42%

All Programming Languages
UK

SQL is in the Programming Languages category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for coding skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for coding skills 12,729 20,225 31,759
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 29.60% 34.77% 36.25%
Number of daily rates quoted 9,058 14,580 23,147
10th Percentile £350 £394 £385
25th Percentile £425 £463 £455
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £530 £550 £550
Median % change year-on-year -3.64% - +10.00%
75th Percentile £650 £675 £653
90th Percentile £763 £780 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £489 £500 £490
% change year-on-year -2.20% +2.04% +15.29%
Number of hourly rates quoted 488 464 510
10th Percentile £32.25 £26.16 £19.52
25th Percentile £46.36 £50.00 £35.00
Median hourly rate £62.43 £61.84 £50.00
Median % change year-on-year +0.95% +23.68% +16.28%
75th Percentile £70.00 £70.00 £60.00
90th Percentile £78.88 £78.00 £72.70
UK excluding London median hourly rate £62.50 £62.50 £50.00
% change year-on-year - +25.00% +21.95%

SQL
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing SQL as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Daily rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 12 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Hourly rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 12 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Top 17 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing SQL within the UK over the 6 months to 12 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -1 3,633 £550 - 2,644
London +1 2,293 £575 - 1,140
Work from Home +2 1,722 £539 +5.12% 1,447
UK excluding London -6 1,474 £475 -2.31% 1,615
North of England -4 392 £475 -1.04% 415
South East -10 356 £475 -7.32% 307
North West -3 241 £475 - 220
Midlands -6 225 £425 -5.56% 360
Scotland -1 216 £475 - 112
South West -15 161 £538 +7.50% 210
West Midlands -6 148 £438 -13.41% 224
Yorkshire -7 119 £450 -10.00% 154
East of England -21 80 £450 +5.88% 161
East Midlands -1 75 £400 - 136
Wales +11 35 £450 -17.43% 50
North East +13 32 £475 -5.00% 43
Northern Ireland -3 14 £400 -11.11% 24

SQL
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 133 (3.15%) Apache
2 119 (2.82%) Apache Spark
3 116 (2.75%) Apache Airflow
4 84 (1.99%) SharePoint
5 79 (1.87%) Confluence
6 68 (1.61%) SAS
7 59 (1.40%) Microsoft Exchange
8 44 (1.04%) IIS
9 18 (0.43%) Oracle Workflow
10 14 (0.33%) BizTalk Server
11 13 (0.31%) CMS
11 13 (0.31%) OpenStack
12 12 (0.28%) MTS
12 12 (0.28%) nginx
13 9 (0.21%) WebSphere
14 8 (0.19%) SharePoint Server
14 8 (0.19%) Tomcat
15 7 (0.17%) JBoss
15 7 (0.17%) SharePoint 2010
15 7 (0.17%) WebLogic
Applications
1 191 (4.53%) Microsoft Excel
2 121 (2.87%) Chatbot
3 52 (1.23%) MS Visio
4 40 (0.95%) Microsoft Office
5 27 (0.64%) Microsoft PowerPoint
6 23 (0.55%) Spreadsheet
7 11 (0.26%) SPSS
8 8 (0.19%) CATIA
9 6 (0.14%) Microsoft Project
10 2 (0.047%) FileZilla
10 2 (0.047%) Mingle
10 2 (0.047%) Trello
Business Applications
1 43 (1.02%) Endur
2 30 (0.71%) Dynamics CRM
3 27 (0.64%) Aladdin
4 23 (0.55%) Oracle EBS
5 21 (0.50%) NEC Housing
6 19 (0.45%) Teamcenter
7 17 (0.40%) Dynamics GP
8 14 (0.33%) Oracle EBS R12
8 14 (0.33%) Oracle Payables
9 13 (0.31%) Elite 3E
9 13 (0.31%) Oracle Receivables
9 13 (0.31%) SAP S/4HANA
10 12 (0.28%) EuroRunner
10 12 (0.28%) SimCorp Dimension
11 11 (0.26%) Aligne
11 11 (0.26%) Oracle Financials
12 10 (0.24%) Oracle Assets
12 10 (0.24%) Oracle General Ledger
12 10 (0.24%) Salesforce CRM
13 9 (0.21%) Adobe Campaign
Cloud Services
1 1,151 (27.27%) Azure
2 793 (18.79%) AWS
3 602 (14.27%) Power Platform
4 266 (6.30%) Azure DevOps
5 237 (5.62%) Serverless
6 217 (5.14%) Azure Data Factory
7 212 (5.02%) GCP
8 150 (3.55%) GitHub
9 145 (3.44%) AWS Lambda
10 130 (3.08%) Snowflake
11 123 (2.91%) Amazon S3
12 111 (2.63%) Azure Synapse Analytics
13 81 (1.92%) PowerApps
14 78 (1.85%) Power Automate
15 76 (1.80%) Azure Logic Apps
16 75 (1.78%) Azure Cosmos DB
17 74 (1.75%) Azure Service Bus
17 74 (1.75%) PaaS
18 73 (1.73%) Microsoft 365
19 68 (1.61%) Azure Functions
Communications & Networking
1 55 (1.30%) Firewall
2 42 (1.00%) DNS
3 35 (0.83%) DHCP
4 34 (0.81%) Internet
5 32 (0.76%) VPN
6 22 (0.52%) SAN
6 22 (0.52%) TCP/IP
7 19 (0.45%) Wi-Fi
8 17 (0.40%) BGP
8 17 (0.40%) WAN
9 16 (0.38%) Network Security
10 15 (0.36%) HTTP
10 15 (0.36%) MPLS
11 13 (0.31%) LAN
12 12 (0.28%) FTP
13 11 (0.26%) Ethernet VPN
13 11 (0.26%) FIX Connectivity
13 11 (0.26%) Radio Access Network
14 10 (0.24%) Fibre Channel
15 9 (0.21%) Skype
Database & Business Intelligence
1 735 (17.42%) SQL Server
2 560 (13.27%) Power BI
3 426 (10.09%) Data Warehouse
4 313 (7.42%) NoSQL
5 269 (6.37%) Relational Database
6 266 (6.30%) PostgreSQL
7 211 (5.00%) Tableau
8 203 (4.81%) Oracle Database
9 193 (4.57%) Data Lake
10 192 (4.55%) SQL Server Integration Services
11 182 (4.31%) Azure SQL Database
12 178 (4.22%) Big Data
13 140 (3.32%) SQL Server Reporting Services
14 135 (3.20%) MySQL
15 107 (2.54%) MongoDB
16 91 (2.16%) Amazon Redshift
17 85 (2.01%) Amazon RDS
18 81 (1.92%) BigQuery
19 79 (1.87%) Metadata
20 68 (1.61%) SQL Server Analysis Services
Development Applications
1 290 (6.87%) Git
2 258 (6.11%) JIRA
3 131 (3.10%) Jenkins
4 85 (2.01%) TeamCity
5 67 (1.59%) Visual Studio
6 64 (1.52%) GitLab
7 54 (1.28%) Cucumber
8 47 (1.11%) Selenium
9 44 (1.04%) Postman
10 43 (1.02%) JUnit
11 40 (0.95%) SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
12 33 (0.78%) Cypress.io
12 33 (0.78%) Oracle APEX
13 28 (0.66%) Maven
14 27 (0.64%) NUnit
15 23 (0.55%) SpecFlow
16 22 (0.52%) Team Foundation Server
17 19 (0.45%) Artifactory
17 19 (0.45%) Bitbucket
17 19 (0.45%) TestRail
General
1 1,025 (24.29%) Finance
2 921 (21.82%) Social Skills
3 587 (13.91%) Analytical Skills
4 429 (10.17%) Banking
5 281 (6.66%) Public Sector
6 271 (6.42%) Front Office
7 131 (3.10%) Investment Banking
8 115 (2.73%) Retail
9 114 (2.70%) Marketing
10 99 (2.35%) Back Office
11 82 (1.94%) Presentation Skills
12 70 (1.66%) Inclusion and Diversity
13 69 (1.64%) Telecoms
14 66 (1.56%) Manufacturing
15 46 (1.09%) Financial Institution
16 37 (0.88%) Local Government
16 37 (0.88%) Pharmaceutical
17 36 (0.85%) Legal
18 30 (0.71%) Publishing
19 29 (0.69%) Electronics
Job Titles
1 1,412 (33.46%) Developer
2 620 (14.69%) Analyst
3 454 (10.76%) Data Engineer
4 437 (10.36%) Senior
5 262 (6.21%) Data Analyst
6 241 (5.71%) Architect
7 196 (4.64%) Business Analyst
8 193 (4.57%) Software Developer
9 167 (3.96%) SQL Developer
10 165 (3.91%) C# Developer
10 165 (3.91%) Consultant
11 164 (3.89%) Lead
12 153 (3.63%) Azure Engineer
13 150 (3.55%) DBA
14 141 (3.34%) .NET Developer
15 130 (3.08%) Java Developer
15 130 (3.08%) Senior Developer
16 115 (2.73%) Python Developer
17 110 (2.61%) Full Stack Developer
18 109 (2.58%) Software Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 508 (12.04%) .NET
2 351 (8.32%) HTML
3 219 (5.19%) REST
4 211 (5.00%) React
5 188 (4.45%) XML
6 162 (3.84%) CSS
7 153 (3.63%) Kafka
8 148 (3.51%) JSON
9 146 (3.46%) Spring
10 144 (3.41%) AngularJS
11 142 (3.36%) RESTful
12 118 (2.80%) PySpark
13 117 (2.77%) SOAP
13 117 (2.77%) Web Services
14 107 (2.54%) .NET Core
15 105 (2.49%) Spring Boot
16 103 (2.44%) .NET Framework
17 92 (2.18%) Node.js
18 77 (1.82%) ASP.NET
19 64 (1.52%) Pandas
Miscellaneous
1 150 (3.55%) Derivative
2 131 (3.10%) Product Ownership
3 115 (2.73%) Hedge funds
4 98 (2.32%) Fixed Income
4 98 (2.32%) Management Information System
5 95 (2.25%) Equities
6 81 (1.92%) Onboarding
7 73 (1.73%) Self-Motivation
8 72 (1.71%) Algorithms
8 72 (1.71%) Legacy Systems
9 67 (1.59%) Data Structures
10 65 (1.54%) Replication
11 64 (1.52%) Cloud Native
12 63 (1.49%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
13 59 (1.40%) Enterprise Software
14 57 (1.35%) Data Protection Act
15 56 (1.33%) Greenfield Project
16 46 (1.09%) Distributed Systems
16 46 (1.09%) Public Cloud
17 43 (1.02%) Data Centre
Operating Systems
1 369 (8.74%) Windows
2 267 (6.33%) Linux
3 219 (5.19%) Unix
4 138 (3.27%) Windows Server
5 47 (1.11%) Windows Server 2012
6 37 (0.88%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7 36 (0.85%) VMS
8 31 (0.73%) Windows 10
9 29 (0.69%) Windows Server 2016
10 26 (0.62%) Windows Server 2019
11 17 (0.40%) Apple iOS
12 15 (0.36%) Windows 7
13 14 (0.33%) CentOS
13 14 (0.33%) Windows Server 2008
14 12 (0.28%) Solaris
15 11 (0.26%) Android
16 9 (0.21%) AIX
17 8 (0.19%) Ubuntu
18 7 (0.17%) OpenVMS
19 4 (0.095%) Embedded Linux
Processes & Methodologies
1 986 (23.36%) Agile
2 745 (17.65%) Business Intelligence
3 641 (15.19%) DevOps
4 627 (14.86%) Data Modelling
5 573 (13.58%) Analytics
6 554 (13.13%) Problem-Solving
7 546 (12.94%) ETL
8 464 (11.00%) CI/CD
8 464 (11.00%) Software Engineering
9 446 (10.57%) Migration
10 337 (7.99%) Data Analysis
11 310 (7.35%) Visualisation
12 295 (6.99%) Scrum
13 279 (6.61%) Data Pipeline
14 271 (6.42%) Computer Science
15 265 (6.28%) Artificial Intelligence
16 249 (5.90%) Data Engineering
16 249 (5.90%) Test Automation
17 240 (5.69%) Microservices
18 218 (5.17%) Full Stack Development
Programming Languages
1 1,321 (31.30%) Python
2 788 (18.67%) C#
3 570 (13.51%) Java
4 502 (11.90%) JavaScript
5 328 (7.77%) PL/SQL
6 271 (6.42%) PowerShell
7 233 (5.52%) T-SQL
8 162 (3.84%) TypeScript
9 94 (2.23%) R
10 86 (2.04%) C++
11 80 (1.90%) Scala
12 76 (1.80%) Bash
13 74 (1.75%) Shell Script
14 70 (1.66%) Data Analysis Expressions
15 69 (1.64%) VBA
16 55 (1.30%) C
17 53 (1.26%) Go
17 53 (1.26%) VB
18 48 (1.14%) Perl
19 41 (0.97%) PHP
Qualifications
1 551 (13.06%) Degree
2 456 (10.81%) Security Cleared
3 355 (8.41%) SC Cleared
4 140 (3.32%) Computer Science Degree
5 80 (1.90%) DV Cleared
6 68 (1.61%) Master's Degree
7 53 (1.26%) Microsoft Certification
8 47 (1.11%) Azure Certification
9 35 (0.83%) BPSS Clearance
10 30 (0.71%) MCSE
11 22 (0.52%) PhD
12 21 (0.50%) ISTQB
13 18 (0.43%) MCSA
13 18 (0.43%) VMware Certified Professional (VCP)
14 15 (0.36%) CISSP
15 14 (0.33%) AWS Certification
16 13 (0.31%) ISEB
17 10 (0.24%) Numerate Degree
18 9 (0.21%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
18 9 (0.21%) PMP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 257 (6.09%) Data Quality
2 230 (5.45%) QA
3 43 (1.02%) Accessibility
4 38 (0.90%) SLA
5 37 (0.88%) GDPR
6 35 (0.83%) MiFID
7 25 (0.59%) EMIR
7 25 (0.59%) PCI DSS
8 21 (0.50%) Dodd-Frank
9 15 (0.36%) HL7
10 12 (0.28%) Sarbanes-Oxley
11 11 (0.26%) GxP
11 11 (0.26%) IFRS
12 10 (0.24%) WCAG
13 9 (0.21%) ISO 20022
13 9 (0.21%) PMO
14 8 (0.19%) CDISC
15 7 (0.17%) GRC
15 7 (0.17%) ISO/IEC 27001
16 6 (0.14%) California Consumer Privacy Act
System Software
1 245 (5.81%) Docker
2 222 (5.26%) Active Directory
3 57 (1.35%) VMware Infrastructure
4 56 (1.33%) Virtual Machines
5 40 (0.95%) IAG
6 37 (0.88%) ACF2
6 37 (0.88%) RACF
7 13 (0.31%) vSphere
8 9 (0.21%) Virtual Servers
9 6 (0.14%) HDFS
9 6 (0.14%) Hyper-V
9 6 (0.14%) Virtual Desktop
10 5 (0.12%) NFS
10 5 (0.12%) VMware ESXi
11 4 (0.095%) GPFS
11 4 (0.095%) Microsoft Virtual Server
11 4 (0.095%) Veritas Cluster Server
11 4 (0.095%) VirtualBox
11 4 (0.095%) VMware NSX
12 3 (0.071%) Oracle RAC
Systems Management
1 225 (5.33%) Kubernetes
2 170 (4.03%) Terraform
3 87 (2.06%) Ansible
4 68 (1.61%) Grafana
5 32 (0.76%) Prometheus
6 27 (0.64%) Single Sign-On
7 20 (0.47%) SCCM
8 19 (0.45%) ITRS Geneos
9 15 (0.36%) SCOM
10 12 (0.28%) Kibana
10 12 (0.28%) Microsoft Intune
11 11 (0.26%) Microsoft Clustering
11 11 (0.26%) PingFederate
11 11 (0.26%) Progress Chef
12 9 (0.21%) BladeLogic
12 9 (0.21%) Data Guard
13 8 (0.19%) Docker Swarm
13 8 (0.19%) WSUS
14 7 (0.17%) Podman
14 7 (0.17%) ZABBIX
Vendors
1 719 (17.04%) Oracle
2 651 (15.43%) Microsoft
3 250 (5.92%) Databricks
4 163 (3.86%) SAP
5 126 (2.99%) Google
6 121 (2.87%) PayPal
7 90 (2.13%) ServiceNow
8 84 (1.99%) VMware
9 78 (1.85%) Salesforce
10 65 (1.54%) Informatica
11 61 (1.45%) Splunk
12 53 (1.26%) IBM
13 50 (1.18%) Sybase
14 40 (0.95%) Citrix
15 36 (0.85%) Bloomberg
16 31 (0.73%) Cisco
17 30 (0.71%) CyberArk
18 28 (0.66%) Alteryx
19 27 (0.64%) Avaloq
19 27 (0.64%) Dynatrace