CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for CSS skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited CSS over the 6 months to 20 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
20 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 56 43 36
Rank change year-on-year -13 -7 -12
Permanent jobs citing CSS 4,128 6,343 13,982
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 4.13% 6.38% 8.59%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 19.56% 21.07% 20.96%
Number of salaries quoted 2,879 3,208 6,009
10th Percentile £31,250 £36,475 £32,500
25th Percentile £38,750 £45,000 £40,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £52,500 £56,000 £55,000
Median % change year-on-year -6.25% +1.82% +10.00%
75th Percentile £67,500 £76,250 £70,000
90th Percentile £80,000 £92,500 £87,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £52,500 £49,500
% change year-on-year -4.76% +6.06% +10.00%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS is in the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 21,099 30,098 66,714
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 21.12% 30.26% 40.98%
Number of salaries quoted 15,738 18,568 30,087
10th Percentile £36,250 £40,853 £37,500
25th Percentile £45,000 £50,939 £47,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £67,500 £63,750
Median % change year-on-year -11.11% +5.88% +15.91%
75th Percentile £78,750 £87,500 £82,500
90th Percentile £100,000 £106,250 £100,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £57,500 £55,000
% change year-on-year -4.35% +4.55% +10.00%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 20 May 2024.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 20 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -16 3,400 £52,500 -8.70% 1,080
UK excluding London -19 3,228 £50,000 -4.76% 798
Work from Home +4 1,679 £53,064 -4.24% 600
North of England -14 774 £47,500 -9.52% 204
London -42 754 £70,000 - 389
South East -20 715 £55,000 +4.76% 175
North West -18 505 £50,000 -3.85% 112
Midlands -24 439 £45,000 -18.18% 174
South West +24 435 £50,000 +5.26% 91
Scotland -10 417 £55,000 +4.76% 45
East of England +5 282 £50,000 -9.09% 77
East Midlands +3 226 £45,000 -14.29% 69
Yorkshire -16 209 £45,000 -14.29% 67
West Midlands -53 208 £47,500 -13.64% 104
Wales +7 104 £50,000 +11.11% 28
Northern Ireland +19 62 £43,750 -16.67% 16
North East -1 60 £42,500 -22.73% 25

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 292 (7.07%) ArcGIS
2 282 (6.83%) GeoServer
3 240 (5.81%) WordPress
4 233 (5.64%) CMS
5 85 (2.06%) SharePoint
6 70 (1.70%) IIS
7 53 (1.28%) FileNet
8 51 (1.24%) Drupal
9 43 (1.04%) Umbraco
10 39 (0.94%) Apache
11 36 (0.87%) nginx
12 25 (0.61%) SAS
13 20 (0.48%) Cloud Foundry
14 17 (0.41%) Confluence
15 14 (0.34%) Apache Solr
16 11 (0.27%) Headless CMS
16 11 (0.27%) Microsoft Exchange
17 9 (0.22%) Sitecore CMS
18 7 (0.17%) Joomla!
19 6 (0.15%) Moodle
Applications
1 63 (1.53%) Photoshop
2 48 (1.16%) Adobe XD
3 35 (0.85%) Microsoft Excel
4 32 (0.78%) Microsoft Office
5 31 (0.75%) Adobe Illustrator
6 29 (0.70%) Adobe Creative Suite
7 26 (0.63%) Sketch
8 13 (0.31%) InVision
9 9 (0.22%) Trello
10 7 (0.17%) Adobe After Effects
11 6 (0.15%) Acrobat
11 6 (0.15%) InDesign
11 6 (0.15%) Microsoft PowerPoint
12 4 (0.097%) Adobe Premiere
12 4 (0.097%) SPSS
13 3 (0.073%) Final Cut Pro
13 3 (0.073%) Spreadsheet
13 3 (0.073%) UserZoom
14 2 (0.048%) FileZilla
15 1 (0.024%) SketchUp
Business Applications
1 65 (1.57%) Magento
2 51 (1.24%) Shopify
3 38 (0.92%) Dynamics CRM
4 33 (0.80%) SDL Web 8
5 21 (0.51%) Remedy ITSM
6 20 (0.48%) Payment Gateway
7 12 (0.29%) Salesforce CRM
8 6 (0.15%) SAP PLM
8 6 (0.15%) Teamcenter
9 5 (0.12%) NetSuite
10 3 (0.073%) Maximo
10 3 (0.073%) Sage 200
10 3 (0.073%) SAP Business One
11 2 (0.048%) CiviCRM
11 2 (0.048%) nopCommerce
11 2 (0.048%) SAP GRC
12 1 (0.024%) Sage 50
12 1 (0.024%) Towers Watson Igloo
Cloud Services
1 1,560 (37.79%) Azure
2 859 (20.81%) AWS
3 408 (9.88%) Azure DevOps
4 238 (5.77%) IBM Cloud
5 208 (5.04%) Serverless
6 165 (4.00%) SaaS
7 157 (3.80%) Azure Functions
8 152 (3.68%) Azure Service Bus
9 142 (3.44%) GitHub
10 141 (3.42%) Azure Logic Apps
11 130 (3.15%) Power Platform
12 125 (3.03%) Azure API Management
13 91 (2.20%) Figma
14 90 (2.18%) GCP
15 85 (2.06%) Amazon S3
16 66 (1.60%) Power Automate
17 57 (1.38%) Google Analytics
17 57 (1.38%) PowerApps
18 56 (1.36%) Dynamics 365
19 52 (1.26%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 81 (1.96%) Internet
2 56 (1.36%) HTTP
3 55 (1.33%) TCP/IP
4 50 (1.21%) DNS
5 37 (0.90%) SSL
6 23 (0.56%) MQTT
7 22 (0.53%) Firewall
8 18 (0.44%) SSH
9 16 (0.39%) SNMP
10 14 (0.34%) Network Security
11 13 (0.31%) VPN
12 12 (0.29%) Modbus
13 8 (0.19%) Intranet
14 7 (0.17%) OpenVPN
15 6 (0.15%) FTP
15 6 (0.15%) Wi-Fi
16 5 (0.12%) Reverse Proxy
16 5 (0.12%) VoIP
17 4 (0.097%) SMS
17 4 (0.097%) Wireshark
Database & Business Intelligence
1 820 (19.86%) SQL Server
2 699 (16.93%) PostgreSQL
3 484 (11.72%) MySQL
4 428 (10.37%) NoSQL
5 336 (8.14%) Relational Database
6 331 (8.02%) MongoDB
7 313 (7.58%) GIS
8 282 (6.83%) QGIS
9 240 (5.81%) DB2
10 187 (4.53%) Azure SQL Database
11 106 (2.57%) Elasticsearch
12 84 (2.03%) Power BI
13 55 (1.33%) Apache Cassandra
14 42 (1.02%) Redis
15 35 (0.85%) Tableau
16 26 (0.63%) Looker
17 22 (0.53%) Geospatial Data
17 22 (0.53%) Oracle Database
17 22 (0.53%) SQL Server Reporting Services
18 21 (0.51%) DynamoDB
Development Applications
1 810 (19.62%) Git
2 201 (4.87%) JIRA
3 178 (4.31%) Visual Studio
4 143 (3.46%) JUnit
5 135 (3.27%) Cypress.io
6 111 (2.69%) Selenium
7 95 (2.30%) Jasmine
8 80 (1.94%) Karma Test Runner
9 70 (1.70%) GitLab
10 65 (1.57%) WebDriver
11 64 (1.55%) Jenkins
12 62 (1.50%) Protractor
13 60 (1.45%) webpack
14 56 (1.36%) Bitbucket
15 51 (1.24%) TeamCity
16 50 (1.21%) NUnit
16 50 (1.21%) Visual Studio Code
17 49 (1.19%) Moq
18 48 (1.16%) Team Foundation Server
19 46 (1.11%) gulp
General
1 805 (19.50%) Social Skills
2 579 (14.03%) Finance
3 466 (11.29%) Inclusion and Diversity
4 455 (11.02%) Marketing
5 345 (8.36%) Public Sector
6 312 (7.56%) Law
7 192 (4.65%) Banking
8 183 (4.43%) Analytical Skills
9 173 (4.19%) Retail
10 106 (2.57%) Legal
11 102 (2.47%) Investment Banking
12 81 (1.96%) Advertising
13 62 (1.50%) Games
14 52 (1.26%) Manufacturing
15 45 (1.09%) Telecoms
16 43 (1.04%) Organisational Skills
17 31 (0.75%) Electronics
18 27 (0.65%) Presentation Skills
19 26 (0.63%) Back Office
20 25 (0.61%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 2,642 (64.00%) Developer
2 907 (21.97%) Senior
3 700 (16.96%) Software Engineer
4 556 (13.47%) .NET Developer
5 524 (12.69%) Full Stack Developer
6 498 (12.06%) Senior Developer
7 332 (8.04%) Lead
8 303 (7.34%) Software Developer
9 299 (7.24%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
10 298 (7.22%) PHP Developer
11 277 (6.71%) Senior Software Engineer
12 262 (6.35%) C# Developer
13 244 (5.91%) Full Stack Engineer
14 223 (5.40%) Web Developer
15 174 (4.22%) Azure Developer
15 174 (4.22%) C# .NET Developer
16 134 (3.25%) Lead Software Engineer
17 129 (3.13%) React Developer
18 120 (2.91%) Lead Developer
19 117 (2.83%) Java Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 3,526 (85.42%) HTML
2 1,854 (44.91%) .NET
3 1,728 (41.86%) React
4 1,087 (26.33%) AngularJS
5 957 (23.18%) jQuery
6 926 (22.43%) ASP.NET
7 820 (19.86%) .NET Core
8 780 (18.90%) HTML5
9 699 (16.93%) Vue
10 645 (15.63%) Twitter Bootstrap
11 623 (15.09%) Node.js
12 581 (14.07%) CSS3
12 581 (14.07%) Web Services
13 567 (13.74%) REST
14 443 (10.73%) Entity Framework
15 417 (10.10%) .NET Framework
16 394 (9.54%) RESTful
17 384 (9.30%) ASP.NET MVC
18 363 (8.79%) JSON
19 356 (8.62%) Laravel
Miscellaneous
1 372 (9.01%) Data Structures
2 342 (8.28%) Algorithms
3 248 (6.01%) Blockchain
4 238 (5.77%) Hybrid Cloud
5 172 (4.17%) Greenfield Project
6 144 (3.49%) Cloud Native
7 133 (3.22%) Mobile App
8 121 (2.93%) Self-Motivation
9 118 (2.86%) e-Learning
9 118 (2.86%) Product Ownership
10 62 (1.50%) Onboarding
11 59 (1.43%) CMDB
12 50 (1.21%) Public Cloud
13 48 (1.16%) Legacy Systems
14 44 (1.07%) IoT
15 42 (1.02%) Legacy Code
16 39 (0.94%) Virtual Team
17 38 (0.92%) Enterprise Software
17 38 (0.92%) Management Information System
18 37 (0.90%) Social Media
Operating Systems
1 453 (10.97%) Linux
2 400 (9.69%) Windows
3 297 (7.19%) Android
4 287 (6.95%) Apple iOS
5 22 (0.53%) Unix
6 12 (0.29%) Windows Server
7 9 (0.22%) Ubuntu
8 7 (0.17%) CentOS
8 7 (0.17%) Mac OS
8 7 (0.17%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
9 4 (0.097%) AIX
10 3 (0.073%) VMS
11 2 (0.048%) Mac OS X
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,731 (41.93%) Agile
2 1,330 (32.22%) Full Stack Development
3 1,180 (28.59%) Web Development
4 1,005 (24.35%) DevOps
5 990 (23.98%) Software Engineering
6 958 (23.21%) MVC
7 817 (19.79%) User Experience
8 751 (18.19%) Problem-Solving
9 617 (14.95%) Front End Development
10 528 (12.79%) Artificial Intelligence
11 475 (11.51%) OOP
12 472 (11.43%) OO
13 455 (11.02%) CI/CD
14 449 (10.88%) TDD
15 446 (10.80%) Design Patterns
16 431 (10.44%) Mentoring
17 405 (9.81%) Computer Science
18 362 (8.77%) Responsive Web Design
19 357 (8.65%) E-Commerce
20 335 (8.12%) SOLID
Programming Languages
1 3,463 (83.89%) JavaScript
2 1,822 (44.14%) C#
3 1,375 (33.31%) SQL
4 794 (19.23%) TypeScript
5 717 (17.37%) Python
6 713 (17.27%) PHP
7 642 (15.55%) Java
8 189 (4.58%) T-SQL
9 64 (1.55%) PowerShell
10 52 (1.26%) Go
11 51 (1.24%) C++
12 46 (1.11%) VB.NET
13 44 (1.07%) C
14 42 (1.02%) Ruby
15 28 (0.68%) Kotlin
16 24 (0.58%) PL/SQL
17 23 (0.56%) Objective-C
17 23 (0.56%) XAML
17 23 (0.56%) XPath
18 22 (0.53%) VBA
Qualifications
1 611 (14.80%) Degree
2 365 (8.84%) Security Cleared
3 331 (8.02%) SC Cleared
4 206 (4.99%) Computer Science Degree
5 60 (1.45%) Microsoft Certification
6 29 (0.70%) BPSS Clearance
7 22 (0.53%) DBS Check
8 21 (0.51%) Master's Degree
9 18 (0.44%) CTC Cleared
10 12 (0.29%) Postgraduate
11 10 (0.24%) Azure Certification
12 6 (0.15%) HND
12 6 (0.15%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
13 4 (0.097%) ISEB
13 4 (0.097%) ISTQB
13 4 (0.097%) PMI Certification
14 3 (0.073%) AWS Certification
14 3 (0.073%) DV Cleared
14 3 (0.073%) MCPD
14 3 (0.073%) MCT
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 223 (5.40%) Accessibility
2 172 (4.17%) QA
3 71 (1.72%) WCAG
4 30 (0.73%) PMO
5 26 (0.63%) GDPR
6 25 (0.61%) SLA
7 18 (0.44%) WAI
8 5 (0.12%) ISO/IEC 27001
9 4 (0.097%) GRC
9 4 (0.097%) ISO 9001
9 4 (0.097%) MiFID
10 3 (0.073%) Data Quality
10 3 (0.073%) HIPAA
11 2 (0.048%) Cyber Essentials
11 2 (0.048%) HL7
11 2 (0.048%) PCI DSS
12 1 (0.024%) ISO 13485
12 1 (0.024%) NIST
System Software
1 248 (6.01%) Docker
2 23 (0.56%) Active Directory
3 15 (0.36%) Firmware
4 5 (0.12%) Virtual Desktop
4 5 (0.12%) VMware Infrastructure
5 2 (0.048%) Terminal Services
6 1 (0.024%) NFS
6 1 (0.024%) Varnish
Systems Management
1 209 (5.06%) Kubernetes
2 42 (1.02%) Terraform
3 26 (0.63%) Single Sign-On
4 13 (0.31%) WMI
5 10 (0.24%) MIIS
6 8 (0.19%) Ansible
7 6 (0.15%) cPanel
8 5 (0.12%) Active Directory Federation Services
8 5 (0.12%) HP UCMDB
8 5 (0.12%) Nagios
8 5 (0.12%) Progress Chef
8 5 (0.12%) Puppet
9 3 (0.073%) Galera Cluster
9 3 (0.073%) logstash
10 2 (0.048%) Istio
10 2 (0.048%) Plesk
10 2 (0.048%) RSA Archer
11 1 (0.024%) Kibana
11 1 (0.024%) systemd
11 1 (0.024%) TeamSite
Vendors
1 543 (13.15%) Microsoft
2 293 (7.10%) ESRI
3 243 (5.89%) Red Hat
4 238 (5.77%) IBM
5 222 (5.38%) Oracle
6 162 (3.92%) Adobe
7 129 (3.13%) Google
8 64 (1.55%) ServiceNow
9 52 (1.26%) Facebook
10 50 (1.21%) Salesforce
11 49 (1.19%) WooCommerce
12 43 (1.04%) SAP
13 42 (1.02%) Atlassian
14 33 (0.80%) Xamarin
15 24 (0.58%) HP
15 24 (0.58%) OpenAI
16 21 (0.51%) BMC
16 21 (0.51%) Remedy
16 21 (0.51%) Splunk
17 16 (0.39%) F5