CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for CSS skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited CSS over the 6 months to 9 June 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
9 Jun 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 56 48 35
Rank change year-on-year -8 -13 -11
Permanent jobs citing CSS 4,260 5,222 14,938
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 3.93% 5.61% 8.69%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 19.51% 19.32% 21.06%
Number of salaries quoted 2,899 3,091 5,925
10th Percentile £31,250 £36,250 £32,500
25th Percentile £38,750 £43,875 £40,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £52,500 £55,414 £55,000
Median % change year-on-year -5.26% +0.75% +10.00%
75th Percentile £67,500 £76,250 £70,000
90th Percentile £80,000 £92,500 £87,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £52,500 £50,000
% change year-on-year -4.76% +5.00% +11.11%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS is in the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 21,837 27,028 70,934
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 20.14% 29.03% 41.27%
Number of salaries quoted 16,149 17,617 29,960
10th Percentile £36,250 £40,448 £37,750
25th Percentile £45,000 £50,000 £47,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £67,500 £65,000
Median % change year-on-year -11.11% +3.85% +18.18%
75th Percentile £78,750 £87,500 £82,500
90th Percentile £100,000 £106,250 £100,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £57,500 £55,000
% change year-on-year -4.35% +4.55% +10.00%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 9 June 2024.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 9 June 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -6 3,540 £52,500 -8.70% 799
UK excluding London -8 3,338 £50,000 -4.76% 623
Work from Home +1 1,727 £52,500 -4.55% 487
North of England -3 810 £47,500 -9.52% 199
London -40 770 £70,000 - 210
South East -16 744 £55,000 +4.76% 122
North West -8 536 £50,000 -4.76% 113
Midlands -10 480 £45,000 -18.18% 116
South West +27 447 £50,000 - 72
Scotland +3 399 £60,000 +14.29% 33
East of England +6 285 £50,000 - 66
East Midlands +25 244 £45,000 +5.88% 53
West Midlands -32 231 £47,500 -13.64% 63
Yorkshire -7 213 £45,000 -14.29% 59
Wales +12 107 £50,000 +11.11% 12
Northern Ireland +14 66 £45,000 -14.29% 21
North East -8 61 £42,500 -22.73% 27

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 293 (6.88%) ArcGIS
2 282 (6.62%) GeoServer
3 248 (5.82%) WordPress
4 243 (5.70%) CMS
5 85 (2.00%) SharePoint
6 75 (1.76%) IIS
7 53 (1.24%) FileNet
8 51 (1.20%) Drupal
9 44 (1.03%) Umbraco
10 42 (0.99%) Apache
11 36 (0.85%) nginx
12 25 (0.59%) SAS
13 20 (0.47%) Cloud Foundry
14 18 (0.42%) Confluence
15 15 (0.35%) Apache Solr
16 11 (0.26%) Headless CMS
17 10 (0.23%) Microsoft Exchange
18 9 (0.21%) Sitecore CMS
19 7 (0.16%) Joomla!
20 6 (0.14%) JBoss
Applications
1 65 (1.53%) Photoshop
2 52 (1.22%) Adobe XD
3 36 (0.85%) Microsoft Excel
4 33 (0.77%) Adobe Illustrator
5 32 (0.75%) Microsoft Office
6 30 (0.70%) Adobe Creative Suite
7 29 (0.68%) Sketch
8 14 (0.33%) InVision
9 9 (0.21%) Trello
10 7 (0.16%) Adobe After Effects
11 6 (0.14%) Acrobat
11 6 (0.14%) InDesign
11 6 (0.14%) Microsoft PowerPoint
12 4 (0.094%) Adobe Premiere
12 4 (0.094%) MadCap Flare
12 4 (0.094%) RoboHelp
12 4 (0.094%) SPSS
13 3 (0.070%) Final Cut Pro
13 3 (0.070%) Spreadsheet
13 3 (0.070%) UserZoom
Business Applications
1 74 (1.74%) Magento
2 55 (1.29%) Shopify
3 39 (0.92%) Dynamics CRM
4 37 (0.87%) SDL Web 8
5 22 (0.52%) Payment Gateway
6 20 (0.47%) Remedy ITSM
7 13 (0.31%) Salesforce CRM
8 6 (0.14%) SAP PLM
8 6 (0.14%) Teamcenter
9 5 (0.12%) NetSuite
10 3 (0.070%) Maximo
10 3 (0.070%) Sage 200
10 3 (0.070%) SAP Business One
11 2 (0.047%) CiviCRM
11 2 (0.047%) nopCommerce
11 2 (0.047%) SAP GRC
12 1 (0.023%) Sage 50
12 1 (0.023%) Towers Watson Igloo
Cloud Services
1 1,582 (37.14%) Azure
2 878 (20.61%) AWS
3 410 (9.62%) Azure DevOps
4 238 (5.59%) IBM Cloud
5 207 (4.86%) Serverless
6 164 (3.85%) SaaS
7 156 (3.66%) Azure Functions
7 156 (3.66%) Azure Service Bus
8 147 (3.45%) GitHub
9 143 (3.36%) Azure Logic Apps
10 140 (3.29%) Power Platform
11 126 (2.96%) Azure API Management
12 93 (2.18%) GCP
13 90 (2.11%) Figma
14 85 (2.00%) Amazon S3
15 67 (1.57%) Power Automate
16 58 (1.36%) Dynamics 365
16 58 (1.36%) Google Analytics
17 56 (1.31%) PowerApps
18 52 (1.22%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 81 (1.90%) Internet
2 56 (1.31%) HTTP
3 55 (1.29%) TCP/IP
4 50 (1.17%) DNS
5 39 (0.92%) SSL
6 22 (0.52%) Firewall
6 22 (0.52%) MQTT
7 18 (0.42%) Network Security
7 18 (0.42%) SSH
8 16 (0.38%) SNMP
9 14 (0.33%) VPN
10 12 (0.28%) Modbus
11 8 (0.19%) Intranet
12 7 (0.16%) FTP
13 6 (0.14%) OpenVPN
13 6 (0.14%) Wi-Fi
14 5 (0.12%) Reverse Proxy
14 5 (0.12%) VoIP
15 4 (0.094%) Broadband
15 4 (0.094%) SMS
Database & Business Intelligence
1 851 (19.98%) SQL Server
2 710 (16.67%) PostgreSQL
3 516 (12.11%) MySQL
4 420 (9.86%) NoSQL
5 335 (7.86%) Relational Database
6 331 (7.77%) MongoDB
7 314 (7.37%) GIS
8 282 (6.62%) QGIS
9 240 (5.63%) DB2
10 190 (4.46%) Azure SQL Database
11 107 (2.51%) Elasticsearch
12 88 (2.07%) Power BI
13 55 (1.29%) Apache Cassandra
14 41 (0.96%) Tableau
15 39 (0.92%) Redis
16 26 (0.61%) SQL Server Reporting Services
17 23 (0.54%) SQL Server Integration Services
18 22 (0.52%) Geospatial Data
19 21 (0.49%) Looker
20 20 (0.47%) DynamoDB
Development Applications
1 838 (19.67%) Git
2 213 (5.00%) JIRA
3 177 (4.15%) Visual Studio
4 149 (3.50%) JUnit
5 136 (3.19%) Cypress.io
6 108 (2.54%) Selenium
7 89 (2.09%) Jasmine
8 74 (1.74%) Karma Test Runner
9 73 (1.71%) GitLab
10 66 (1.55%) Jenkins
11 64 (1.50%) WebDriver
11 64 (1.50%) webpack
12 62 (1.46%) Protractor
13 60 (1.41%) Bitbucket
14 56 (1.31%) TeamCity
15 55 (1.29%) Moq
16 54 (1.27%) NUnit
17 49 (1.15%) Team Foundation Server
18 47 (1.10%) gulp
19 46 (1.08%) Visual Studio Code
General
1 844 (19.81%) Social Skills
2 566 (13.29%) Finance
3 458 (10.75%) Inclusion and Diversity
4 451 (10.59%) Marketing
5 343 (8.05%) Public Sector
6 300 (7.04%) Law
7 180 (4.23%) Analytical Skills
7 180 (4.23%) Banking
8 174 (4.08%) Retail
9 112 (2.63%) Legal
10 96 (2.25%) Investment Banking
11 84 (1.97%) Advertising
12 62 (1.46%) Games
13 49 (1.15%) Manufacturing
14 44 (1.03%) Organisational Skills
15 42 (0.99%) Telecoms
16 29 (0.68%) Electronics
17 27 (0.63%) Presentation Skills
17 27 (0.63%) Publishing
18 26 (0.61%) Tech for Good
Job Titles
1 2,742 (64.37%) Developer
2 948 (22.25%) Senior
3 698 (16.38%) Software Engineer
4 570 (13.38%) .NET Developer
5 545 (12.79%) Full Stack Developer
6 534 (12.54%) Senior Developer
7 342 (8.03%) Lead
8 308 (7.23%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
9 307 (7.21%) PHP Developer
10 304 (7.14%) Software Developer
11 278 (6.53%) Senior Software Engineer
12 277 (6.50%) C# Developer
13 246 (5.77%) Full Stack Engineer
14 236 (5.54%) Web Developer
15 182 (4.27%) C# .NET Developer
16 177 (4.15%) Azure Developer
17 137 (3.22%) React Developer
18 127 (2.98%) Lead Software Engineer
19 124 (2.91%) Lead Developer
20 113 (2.65%) Java Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 3,653 (85.75%) HTML
2 1,901 (44.62%) .NET
3 1,771 (41.57%) React
4 1,110 (26.06%) AngularJS
5 970 (22.77%) jQuery
6 940 (22.07%) ASP.NET
7 830 (19.48%) .NET Core
8 809 (18.99%) HTML5
9 726 (17.04%) Vue
10 660 (15.49%) Twitter Bootstrap
11 623 (14.62%) Node.js
12 597 (14.01%) CSS3
13 587 (13.78%) Web Services
14 573 (13.45%) REST
15 452 (10.61%) Entity Framework
16 421 (9.88%) .NET Framework
17 411 (9.65%) RESTful
18 380 (8.92%) ASP.NET MVC
19 371 (8.71%) Laravel
20 368 (8.64%) JSON
Miscellaneous
1 370 (8.69%) Data Structures
2 346 (8.12%) Algorithms
3 244 (5.73%) Blockchain
4 238 (5.59%) Hybrid Cloud
5 182 (4.27%) Greenfield Project
6 139 (3.26%) Mobile App
7 137 (3.22%) Cloud Native
8 130 (3.05%) Self-Motivation
9 120 (2.82%) e-Learning
10 114 (2.68%) Product Ownership
11 64 (1.50%) Onboarding
12 58 (1.36%) CMDB
13 53 (1.24%) Legacy Systems
14 51 (1.20%) Legacy Code
15 43 (1.01%) IoT
16 42 (0.99%) Social Media
17 39 (0.92%) Management Information System
17 39 (0.92%) Public Cloud
18 38 (0.89%) Graphic Design
18 38 (0.89%) Virtual Team
Operating Systems
1 471 (11.06%) Linux
2 401 (9.41%) Windows
3 291 (6.83%) Android
4 281 (6.60%) Apple iOS
5 24 (0.56%) Unix
6 12 (0.28%) Windows Server
7 11 (0.26%) Ubuntu
8 8 (0.19%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
9 6 (0.14%) CentOS
9 6 (0.14%) Mac OS
10 5 (0.12%) AIX
10 5 (0.12%) VMS
11 2 (0.047%) Mac OS X
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,751 (41.10%) Agile
2 1,373 (32.23%) Full Stack Development
3 1,209 (28.38%) Web Development
4 1,006 (23.62%) DevOps
5 994 (23.33%) Software Engineering
6 961 (22.56%) MVC
7 851 (19.98%) User Experience
8 802 (18.83%) Problem-Solving
9 638 (14.98%) Front End Development
10 517 (12.14%) Artificial Intelligence
11 486 (11.41%) OOP
12 483 (11.34%) OO
13 459 (10.77%) CI/CD
14 455 (10.68%) Mentoring
15 454 (10.66%) TDD
16 451 (10.59%) Design Patterns
17 429 (10.07%) Computer Science
18 378 (8.87%) E-Commerce
19 372 (8.73%) Responsive Web Design
20 345 (8.10%) SOLID
Programming Languages
1 3,586 (84.18%) JavaScript
2 1,856 (43.57%) C#
3 1,404 (32.96%) SQL
4 786 (18.45%) TypeScript
5 748 (17.56%) Python
6 740 (17.37%) PHP
7 645 (15.14%) Java
8 185 (4.34%) T-SQL
9 64 (1.50%) PowerShell
10 56 (1.31%) C++
11 54 (1.27%) Go
12 53 (1.24%) VB.NET
13 48 (1.13%) C
14 40 (0.94%) Ruby
15 29 (0.68%) Kotlin
16 26 (0.61%) XPath
17 23 (0.54%) Apex Code
18 22 (0.52%) VBA
18 22 (0.52%) XAML
19 21 (0.49%) PL/SQL
Qualifications
1 640 (15.02%) Degree
2 370 (8.69%) Security Cleared
3 335 (7.86%) SC Cleared
4 226 (5.31%) Computer Science Degree
5 57 (1.34%) Microsoft Certification
6 32 (0.75%) BPSS Clearance
7 29 (0.68%) Master's Degree
8 23 (0.54%) DBS Check
9 14 (0.33%) CTC Cleared
10 12 (0.28%) Azure Certification
10 12 (0.28%) Postgraduate
11 6 (0.14%) HND
12 4 (0.094%) DV Cleared
12 4 (0.094%) ISEB
12 4 (0.094%) ISTQB
12 4 (0.094%) ITIL Certification
12 4 (0.094%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
12 4 (0.094%) PMI Certification
13 3 (0.070%) MCPD
13 3 (0.070%) MCT
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 220 (5.16%) Accessibility
2 175 (4.11%) QA
3 65 (1.53%) WCAG
4 28 (0.66%) GDPR
5 25 (0.59%) PMO
5 25 (0.59%) SLA
6 11 (0.26%) WAI
7 5 (0.12%) ISO/IEC 27001
7 5 (0.12%) MiFID
8 4 (0.094%) GRC
8 4 (0.094%) ISO 9001
9 3 (0.070%) Data Quality
9 3 (0.070%) HIPAA
10 2 (0.047%) Cyber Essentials
10 2 (0.047%) HL7
11 1 (0.023%) ISO 13485
11 1 (0.023%) NIST
System Software
1 239 (5.61%) Docker
2 23 (0.54%) Active Directory
3 14 (0.33%) Firmware
4 6 (0.14%) Virtual Desktop
5 5 (0.12%) VMware Infrastructure
6 2 (0.047%) Hyper-V
6 2 (0.047%) KVM
6 2 (0.047%) Terminal Services
6 2 (0.047%) Virtual Machines
6 2 (0.047%) VMware ESXi
7 1 (0.023%) NFS
7 1 (0.023%) Varnish
Systems Management
1 210 (4.93%) Kubernetes
2 46 (1.08%) Terraform
3 30 (0.70%) Single Sign-On
4 13 (0.31%) WMI
5 11 (0.26%) MIIS
6 10 (0.23%) Ansible
7 8 (0.19%) cPanel
8 6 (0.14%) Active Directory Federation Services
8 6 (0.14%) Nagios
8 6 (0.14%) Progress Chef
8 6 (0.14%) Puppet
9 4 (0.094%) HP UCMDB
9 4 (0.094%) Plesk
10 3 (0.070%) Galera Cluster
10 3 (0.070%) logstash
11 2 (0.047%) Istio
11 2 (0.047%) RSA Archer
12 1 (0.023%) Grafana
12 1 (0.023%) Kibana
12 1 (0.023%) systemd
Vendors
1 532 (12.49%) Microsoft
2 294 (6.90%) ESRI
3 244 (5.73%) Red Hat
4 238 (5.59%) IBM
5 221 (5.19%) Oracle
6 170 (3.99%) Adobe
7 136 (3.19%) Google
8 64 (1.50%) ServiceNow
9 58 (1.36%) Salesforce
10 51 (1.20%) Facebook
10 51 (1.20%) WooCommerce
11 41 (0.96%) SAP
12 40 (0.94%) Atlassian
13 30 (0.70%) Xamarin
14 25 (0.59%) OpenAI
15 24 (0.56%) Splunk
16 23 (0.54%) HP
17 21 (0.49%) F5
18 20 (0.47%) BMC
18 20 (0.47%) Remedy