Unit Testing Contracts

Unit Testing
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for Unit Testing skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited Unit Testing over the 6 months to 20 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
20 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 176 172 173
Rank change year-on-year -4 +1 -6
Contract jobs citing Unit Testing 569 852 1,453
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 1.34% 1.49% 1.65%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 1.55% 1.66% 1.82%
Number of daily rates quoted 363 603 982
10th Percentile £375 £406 £380
25th Percentile £450 £463 £450
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £575 £550
Median % change year-on-year -8.70% +4.55% +10.00%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £650
90th Percentile £688 £738 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £525 £525 £509
% change year-on-year - +3.14% +13.11%
Number of hourly rates quoted 53 39 24
10th Percentile - £48.33 £38.96
25th Percentile £61.25 £50.42 £53.25
Median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £60.00
Median % change year-on-year - +8.33% +25.00%
75th Percentile - £69.75 £65.63
90th Percentile - £75.60 £67.85
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £57.50
% change year-on-year - +13.04% +21.05%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

Unit Testing is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 36,622 51,397 80,021
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.09% 89.76% 90.61%
Number of daily rates quoted 23,613 35,611 56,174
10th Percentile £300 £325 £344
25th Percentile £413 £439 £430
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £530
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +3.77% +7.07%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £480
% change year-on-year - +4.17% +9.09%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,439 1,690 1,913
10th Percentile £12.75 £10.63 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £15.77 £15.50
Median hourly rate £36.50 £36.00 £25.68
Median % change year-on-year +1.39% +40.19% +7.00%
75th Percentile £60.00 £65.00 £49.50
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £65.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £38.00 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +8.57% +75.00% -6.54%

Unit Testing
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing Unit Testing as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing Unit Testing.

Daily rate trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing Unit Testing over the 6 months to 20 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing Unit Testing.

Hourly rate trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing Unit Testing over the 6 months to 20 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Top 15 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing Unit Testing within the UK over the 6 months to 20 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England +1 477 £545 -6.40% 316
UK excluding London -5 259 £525 - 240
London +9 238 £550 -8.33% 96
Work from Home +2 207 £500 -9.09% 167
North of England +37 66 £495 -10.00% 67
East of England +24 57 £550 +83.33% 26
South East +5 54 £625 +13.64% 52
North West +24 45 £495 -1.00% 31
Scotland +22 41 £483 -0.05% 24
South West -36 29 £613 +5.65% 17
Yorkshire +21 21 £550 - 24
Wales +24 8 £526 -4.02% 3
Midlands -7 4 £450 -18.18% 54
West Midlands +5 2 £450 -24.37% 37
East Midlands +7 1 £300 -7.69% 17

Unit Testing
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 19 (3.34%) Apache Spark
2 14 (2.46%) Apache
2 14 (2.46%) Confluence
3 11 (1.93%) Apache Airflow
4 10 (1.76%) CMS
5 4 (0.70%) ArcGIS
5 4 (0.70%) JBoss
5 4 (0.70%) Mule
5 4 (0.70%) SharePoint
6 3 (0.53%) WebLogic
6 3 (0.53%) WebSphere
7 2 (0.35%) Alfresco
7 2 (0.35%) Anypoint
7 2 (0.35%) nginx
7 2 (0.35%) Tomcat
7 2 (0.35%) Traefik
7 2 (0.35%) WildFly
8 1 (0.18%) Adobe Experience Manager
8 1 (0.18%) GeoServer
8 1 (0.18%) Jupyter
Applications
1 6 (1.05%) Microsoft Excel
2 3 (0.53%) Microsoft Office
3 2 (0.35%) Microsoft PowerPoint
4 1 (0.18%) Chatbot
Business Applications
1 17 (2.99%) SAP S/4HANA
2 8 (1.41%) Dynamics CRM
3 5 (0.88%) SAP CO
3 5 (0.88%) SAP EWM
4 4 (0.70%) SAP FI
4 4 (0.70%) SAP FI/CO
4 4 (0.70%) SAP PP
4 4 (0.70%) SAP QM
5 3 (0.53%) Oracle Procure-to-Pay
5 3 (0.53%) SAP Retail
5 3 (0.53%) SAP VC
6 2 (0.35%) Front Arena
6 2 (0.35%) Oracle Cash Management
6 2 (0.35%) Oracle EBS
6 2 (0.35%) Oracle EBS R12
6 2 (0.35%) Oracle Financials
6 2 (0.35%) Oracle Payables
6 2 (0.35%) Oracle Receivables
6 2 (0.35%) SAP R/3
6 2 (0.35%) Shopify
Cloud Services
1 130 (22.85%) AWS
2 118 (20.74%) Azure
3 50 (8.79%) Azure DevOps
4 43 (7.56%) Serverless
5 39 (6.85%) GCP
6 28 (4.92%) GitHub
7 24 (4.22%) Azure Data Factory
8 20 (3.51%) Azure Functions
9 18 (3.16%) Amazon S3
9 18 (3.16%) AWS Lambda
9 18 (3.16%) Dynamics 365
9 18 (3.16%) Power Platform
10 17 (2.99%) Azure Cosmos DB
10 17 (2.99%) GitHub Actions
11 16 (2.81%) Azure Monitor
11 16 (2.81%) dbt
12 13 (2.28%) Amazon CloudWatch
12 13 (2.28%) Entra ID
13 12 (2.11%) Azure Service Bus
14 11 (1.93%) AWS CloudFormation
Communications & Networking
1 34 (5.98%) Modbus
1 34 (5.98%) RS-422
1 34 (5.98%) RS-485
2 13 (2.28%) TCP/IP
3 11 (1.93%) BGP
3 11 (1.93%) Ethernet
3 11 (1.93%) Ethernet VPN
3 11 (1.93%) MPLS
3 11 (1.93%) VPN
4 10 (1.76%) Radio Access Network
5 8 (1.41%) HTTP
6 4 (0.70%) SSL
7 2 (0.35%) DNS
7 2 (0.35%) Tactical Data Link
8 1 (0.18%) HTTPS
8 1 (0.18%) Internet
8 1 (0.18%) Multicast
8 1 (0.18%) SNMP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 73 (12.83%) PostgreSQL
2 66 (11.60%) NoSQL
3 52 (9.14%) SQL Server
4 41 (7.21%) Relational Database
5 25 (4.39%) Oracle Database
6 24 (4.22%) SQL Server Integration Services
7 22 (3.87%) Data Warehouse
8 19 (3.34%) MongoDB
9 15 (2.64%) Azure SQL Database
9 15 (2.64%) Oracle Database 11g
10 14 (2.46%) MySQL
11 11 (1.93%) Apache Cassandra
11 11 (1.93%) Big Data
11 11 (1.93%) DynamoDB
12 10 (1.76%) Power BI
12 10 (1.76%) SQL Server Reporting Services
13 8 (1.41%) Amazon Aurora
13 8 (1.41%) Amazon RDS
13 8 (1.41%) Hadoop
14 5 (0.88%) Amazon Redshift
Development Applications
1 128 (22.50%) Git
2 69 (12.13%) JIRA
3 40 (7.03%) JUnit
4 26 (4.57%) Jenkins
5 21 (3.69%) Visual Studio
6 19 (3.34%) GitLab
6 19 (3.34%) TeamCity
7 18 (3.16%) Mockito
8 16 (2.81%) Android Studio
8 16 (2.81%) Cypress.io
8 16 (2.81%) Selenium
9 11 (1.93%) Eclipse
9 11 (1.93%) Robot Framework
9 11 (1.93%) TestRail
10 10 (1.76%) Maven
10 10 (1.76%) NUnit
10 10 (1.76%) Storybook
11 9 (1.58%) Team Foundation Server
12 8 (1.41%) Cucumber
12 8 (1.41%) Subversion
General
1 137 (24.08%) Social Skills
2 91 (15.99%) Finance
3 63 (11.07%) Analytical Skills
4 55 (9.67%) Public Sector
5 36 (6.33%) Electronics
6 29 (5.10%) Banking
7 22 (3.87%) Presentation Skills
8 11 (1.93%) Military
9 9 (1.58%) Inclusion and Diversity
9 9 (1.58%) Retail
10 7 (1.23%) Law
10 7 (1.23%) Manufacturing
11 6 (1.05%) Aerospace
11 6 (1.05%) Investment Banking
11 6 (1.05%) Marketing
11 6 (1.05%) Organisational Skills
11 6 (1.05%) Pharmaceutical
12 5 (0.88%) Legal
12 5 (0.88%) Telecoms
12 5 (0.88%) Wearables
Job Titles
1 334 (58.70%) Developer
2 72 (12.65%) Software Engineer
3 52 (9.14%) Full Stack Developer
4 51 (8.96%) Java Developer
5 50 (8.79%) Senior
6 40 (7.03%) Lead
7 36 (6.33%) C++ Software Engineer
8 33 (5.80%) C# Developer
9 30 (5.27%) .NET Developer
10 27 (4.75%) Senior Developer
11 22 (3.87%) Data Engineer
12 21 (3.69%) Azure Developer
12 21 (3.69%) Test Engineer
13 20 (3.51%) Android Developer
14 18 (3.16%) Consultant
15 17 (2.99%) Angular Developer
15 17 (2.99%) Python Developer
15 17 (2.99%) Software Developer
16 16 (2.81%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
16 16 (2.81%) SQL Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 98 (17.22%) React
2 89 (15.64%) REST
3 75 (13.18%) .NET
4 67 (11.78%) RESTful
4 67 (11.78%) Spring
5 53 (9.31%) AngularJS
6 52 (9.14%) Spring Boot
7 51 (8.96%) Web Services
8 48 (8.44%) Node.js
9 46 (8.08%) HTML
10 44 (7.73%) Kafka
11 43 (7.56%) CSS
12 36 (6.33%) Hibernate
13 32 (5.62%) JPA
14 30 (5.27%) .NET Core
15 29 (5.10%) SOAP
16 24 (4.22%) .NET Framework
17 23 (4.04%) Jest
18 21 (3.69%) XML
19 19 (3.34%) jQuery
Miscellaneous
1 36 (6.33%) Product Ownership
2 32 (5.62%) Self-Motivation
3 21 (3.69%) Mobile App
4 16 (2.81%) Data Structures
5 14 (2.46%) Algorithms
5 14 (2.46%) Distributed Systems
6 13 (2.28%) Legacy Systems
7 8 (1.41%) Greenfield Project
8 7 (1.23%) Data Protection Act
8 7 (1.23%) iPad
8 7 (1.23%) iPhone
9 6 (1.05%) Cloud Native
9 6 (1.05%) Hedge funds
10 5 (0.88%) Life Science
10 5 (0.88%) Management Information System
10 5 (0.88%) Renewable Energy
11 4 (0.70%) NHS
11 4 (0.70%) Public Cloud
12 3 (0.53%) Blockchain
12 3 (0.53%) Distributed Applications
Operating Systems
1 34 (5.98%) Linux
2 23 (4.04%) Android
2 23 (4.04%) Unix
2 23 (4.04%) Windows
3 10 (1.76%) Apple iOS
4 3 (0.53%) Embedded Linux
4 3 (0.53%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
5 2 (0.35%) CentOS
6 1 (0.18%) AIX
6 1 (0.18%) VMS
6 1 (0.18%) Windows Server
Processes & Methodologies
1 288 (50.62%) Agile
2 201 (35.33%) DevOps
3 144 (25.31%) CI/CD
4 136 (23.90%) Software Engineering
5 133 (23.37%) TDD
6 125 (21.97%) Test Automation
7 107 (18.80%) Continuous Integration
8 94 (16.52%) Scrum
9 92 (16.17%) Microservices
10 83 (14.59%) Software Testing
11 67 (11.78%) Full Stack Development
12 66 (11.60%) Problem-Solving
13 63 (11.07%) OO
14 62 (10.90%) Continuous Improvement
14 62 (10.90%) Integration Testing
15 52 (9.14%) Front End Development
15 52 (9.14%) Pair Programming
16 47 (8.26%) Analytics
16 47 (8.26%) High Availability
17 44 (7.73%) User Acceptance Testing
Programming Languages
1 160 (28.12%) Java
2 155 (27.24%) SQL
3 130 (22.85%) C#
4 122 (21.44%) Python
5 91 (15.99%) JavaScript
6 79 (13.88%) TypeScript
7 74 (13.01%) C++
8 64 (11.25%) C
9 41 (7.21%) PL/SQL
10 28 (4.92%) Kotlin
11 26 (4.57%) Scala
12 15 (2.64%) PowerShell
13 13 (2.28%) Bash
14 11 (1.93%) Bicep
14 11 (1.93%) Perl
14 11 (1.93%) T-SQL
15 10 (1.76%) Go
16 9 (1.58%) Swift
17 8 (1.41%) Objective-C
17 8 (1.41%) Shell Script
Qualifications
1 105 (18.45%) Security Cleared
2 89 (15.64%) SC Cleared
3 36 (6.33%) Degree
4 30 (5.27%) DV Cleared
5 17 (2.99%) Computer Science Degree
6 7 (1.23%) Master's Degree
7 4 (0.70%) BPSS Clearance
8 3 (0.53%) CTC Cleared
9 1 (0.18%) ISTQB
9 1 (0.18%) Numerate Degree
9 1 (0.18%) PhD
9 1 (0.18%) PMI Certification
9 1 (0.18%) PMP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 58 (10.19%) QA
2 21 (3.69%) Accessibility
3 13 (2.28%) Data Quality
4 10 (1.76%) GDPR
5 6 (1.05%) Disclosure Scotland
6 5 (0.88%) WCAG
7 4 (0.70%) SLA
8 3 (0.53%) MiFID
8 3 (0.53%) NCSC
9 2 (0.35%) PCI DSS
10 1 (0.18%) HIPAA
10 1 (0.18%) HL7
System Software
1 87 (15.29%) Docker
2 15 (2.64%) Active Directory
3 6 (1.05%) VMware Infrastructure
4 5 (0.88%) HDFS
5 3 (0.53%) Virtual Machines
Systems Management
1 73 (12.83%) Kubernetes
2 32 (5.62%) Terraform
3 23 (4.04%) Grafana
4 9 (1.58%) Prometheus
5 6 (1.05%) Puppet
6 5 (0.88%) Ansible
6 5 (0.88%) Hadoop YARN
6 5 (0.88%) Kibana
7 4 (0.70%) Istio
8 3 (0.53%) Podman
8 3 (0.53%) Progress Chef
9 2 (0.35%) Consul
9 2 (0.35%) Docker Swarm
9 2 (0.35%) Graphite
9 2 (0.35%) HAProxy
9 2 (0.35%) linkerd
9 2 (0.35%) Packer
9 2 (0.35%) ZABBIX
10 1 (0.18%) Active Directory Federation Services
10 1 (0.18%) HP ALM
Vendors
1 67 (11.78%) Oracle
2 58 (10.19%) Microsoft
3 34 (5.98%) SAP
4 15 (2.64%) Avaloq
5 14 (2.46%) Google
6 12 (2.11%) OpenAI
7 8 (1.41%) Databricks
8 7 (1.23%) Adobe
8 7 (1.23%) Splunk
8 7 (1.23%) VMware
9 6 (1.05%) Salesforce
9 6 (1.05%) Typelevel
10 5 (0.88%) Xamarin
11 4 (0.70%) Ariba
11 4 (0.70%) FIS
11 4 (0.70%) Liquidlogic
11 4 (0.70%) MuleSoft
12 3 (0.53%) Informatica
12 3 (0.53%) JDA
12 3 (0.53%) Siemens