CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for CSS skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited CSS over the 6 months to 2 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
2 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 58 43 35
Rank change year-on-year -15 -8 -11
Permanent jobs citing CSS 4,128 6,586 13,174
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 4.19% 6.34% 8.44%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 19.60% 21.05% 20.85%
Number of salaries quoted 2,892 3,344 6,048
10th Percentile £31,500 £37,039 £32,500
25th Percentile £38,750 £45,000 £40,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £52,500 £57,500 £55,000
Median % change year-on-year -8.70% +4.55% +10.00%
75th Percentile £68,750 £76,250 £70,000
90th Percentile £81,250 £92,500 £87,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £52,500 £48,500
% change year-on-year -4.76% +8.25% +7.78%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS is in the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 21,058 31,283 63,194
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 21.37% 30.13% 40.47%
Number of salaries quoted 15,741 19,277 30,292
10th Percentile £36,250 £41,117 £37,500
25th Percentile £45,000 £50,000 £47,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £67,500 £62,500
Median % change year-on-year -11.11% +8.00% +13.64%
75th Percentile £79,600 £87,500 £82,500
90th Percentile £100,000 £106,250 £100,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £57,500 £55,000
% change year-on-year -4.35% +4.55% +10.00%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 2 May 2024.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 2 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -16 3,386 £52,500 -8.70% 924
UK excluding London -18 3,229 £50,000 -4.76% 669
Work from Home -1 1,688 £55,000 -3.51% 455
London -34 758 £70,000 - 306
North of England -17 752 £47,500 -9.52% 195
South East -21 713 £55,000 +4.76% 106
North West -17 491 £50,000 -0.47% 120
Midlands -20 455 £45,000 -18.18% 149
South West +21 431 £50,000 +5.26% 89
Scotland -7 429 £60,000 +14.29% 41
East of England +6 282 £50,000 -9.09% 67
East Midlands +8 247 £45,000 -14.29% 65
West Midlands -48 203 £47,500 -13.64% 83
Yorkshire -10 202 £45,000 -13.46% 56
Wales +10 105 £50,000 +11.11% 20
Northern Ireland +15 62 £45,000 -14.29% 13
North East -7 59 £42,500 -22.73% 19

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 291 (7.05%) ArcGIS
2 282 (6.83%) GeoServer
3 242 (5.86%) WordPress
4 229 (5.55%) CMS
5 90 (2.18%) SharePoint
6 71 (1.72%) IIS
7 53 (1.28%) FileNet
8 52 (1.26%) Drupal
9 47 (1.14%) Umbraco
10 38 (0.92%) Apache
11 34 (0.82%) nginx
12 25 (0.61%) SAS
13 21 (0.51%) Confluence
14 20 (0.48%) Cloud Foundry
15 14 (0.34%) Apache Solr
16 12 (0.29%) Headless CMS
17 11 (0.27%) Microsoft Exchange
18 10 (0.24%) Moodle
18 10 (0.24%) Sitecore CMS
19 7 (0.17%) Joomla!
Applications
1 63 (1.53%) Photoshop
2 47 (1.14%) Adobe XD
3 34 (0.82%) Microsoft Excel
4 32 (0.78%) Adobe Illustrator
4 32 (0.78%) Microsoft Office
5 31 (0.75%) Adobe Creative Suite
6 25 (0.61%) Sketch
7 12 (0.29%) InVision
8 9 (0.22%) Trello
9 8 (0.19%) Adobe After Effects
9 8 (0.19%) InDesign
10 7 (0.17%) Acrobat
10 7 (0.17%) Microsoft PowerPoint
11 5 (0.12%) Adobe Premiere
12 4 (0.097%) SPSS
13 3 (0.073%) Final Cut Pro
13 3 (0.073%) Spreadsheet
13 3 (0.073%) UserZoom
14 2 (0.048%) FileZilla
15 1 (0.024%) Notion
Business Applications
1 64 (1.55%) Magento
2 52 (1.26%) Shopify
3 37 (0.90%) Dynamics CRM
4 27 (0.65%) SDL Web 8
5 24 (0.58%) Remedy ITSM
6 18 (0.44%) Payment Gateway
7 11 (0.27%) Salesforce CRM
8 6 (0.15%) SAP PLM
8 6 (0.15%) Teamcenter
9 5 (0.12%) NetSuite
10 3 (0.073%) Maximo
10 3 (0.073%) Sage 200
10 3 (0.073%) SAP Business One
11 2 (0.048%) CiviCRM
11 2 (0.048%) nopCommerce
11 2 (0.048%) SAP GRC
12 1 (0.024%) Dynamics NAV
12 1 (0.024%) Sage 50
12 1 (0.024%) Towers Watson Igloo
Cloud Services
1 1,542 (37.35%) Azure
2 854 (20.69%) AWS
3 405 (9.81%) Azure DevOps
4 226 (5.47%) IBM Cloud
5 207 (5.01%) Serverless
6 178 (4.31%) SaaS
7 155 (3.75%) Azure Functions
8 145 (3.51%) Azure Service Bus
9 141 (3.42%) GitHub
10 139 (3.37%) Azure Logic Apps
11 132 (3.20%) Power Platform
12 120 (2.91%) Azure API Management
13 90 (2.18%) Figma
13 90 (2.18%) GCP
14 85 (2.06%) Amazon S3
15 66 (1.60%) Power Automate
16 60 (1.45%) PowerApps
17 59 (1.43%) Google Analytics
18 56 (1.36%) Dynamics 365
19 54 (1.31%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 80 (1.94%) Internet
2 57 (1.38%) HTTP
3 56 (1.36%) TCP/IP
4 51 (1.24%) DNS
5 38 (0.92%) SSL
6 24 (0.58%) MQTT
7 23 (0.56%) LAN
7 23 (0.56%) WAN
8 22 (0.53%) Firewall
9 17 (0.41%) SSH
10 16 (0.39%) SNMP
10 16 (0.39%) VPN
11 14 (0.34%) Network Security
12 13 (0.31%) Modbus
13 8 (0.19%) Intranet
14 7 (0.17%) OpenVPN
15 6 (0.15%) Wi-Fi
16 5 (0.12%) FTP
16 5 (0.12%) Reverse Proxy
16 5 (0.12%) VoIP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 823 (19.94%) SQL Server
2 685 (16.59%) PostgreSQL
3 470 (11.39%) MySQL
4 421 (10.20%) NoSQL
5 327 (7.92%) Relational Database
6 326 (7.90%) MongoDB
7 312 (7.56%) GIS
8 282 (6.83%) QGIS
9 228 (5.52%) DB2
10 185 (4.48%) Azure SQL Database
11 109 (2.64%) Elasticsearch
12 83 (2.01%) Power BI
13 55 (1.33%) Apache Cassandra
14 44 (1.07%) Redis
15 35 (0.85%) Tableau
16 26 (0.63%) Looker
17 25 (0.61%) DynamoDB
18 23 (0.56%) Oracle Database
19 22 (0.53%) MariaDB
19 22 (0.53%) SQL Server Reporting Services
Development Applications
1 792 (19.19%) Git
2 197 (4.77%) JIRA
3 177 (4.29%) Visual Studio
4 140 (3.39%) JUnit
5 139 (3.37%) Cypress.io
6 111 (2.69%) Selenium
7 95 (2.30%) Jasmine
8 81 (1.96%) Karma Test Runner
9 67 (1.62%) GitLab
10 65 (1.57%) WebDriver
11 62 (1.50%) Protractor
12 61 (1.48%) webpack
13 60 (1.45%) Jenkins
14 55 (1.33%) Bitbucket
15 51 (1.24%) Visual Studio Code
16 50 (1.21%) gulp
17 46 (1.11%) Team Foundation Server
18 44 (1.07%) NUnit
19 42 (1.02%) TeamCity
20 41 (0.99%) Moq
General
1 797 (19.31%) Social Skills
2 574 (13.91%) Finance
3 460 (11.14%) Inclusion and Diversity
4 447 (10.83%) Marketing
5 330 (7.99%) Public Sector
6 311 (7.53%) Law
7 191 (4.63%) Banking
8 186 (4.51%) Analytical Skills
9 170 (4.12%) Retail
10 103 (2.50%) Legal
11 101 (2.45%) Investment Banking
12 77 (1.87%) Advertising
13 65 (1.57%) Games
14 53 (1.28%) Manufacturing
15 46 (1.11%) Telecoms
16 41 (0.99%) Organisational Skills
17 32 (0.78%) Electronics
18 27 (0.65%) Presentation Skills
19 26 (0.63%) Tech for Good
20 24 (0.58%) Back Office
Job Titles
1 2,653 (64.27%) Developer
2 899 (21.78%) Senior
3 701 (16.98%) Software Engineer
4 548 (13.28%) .NET Developer
5 515 (12.48%) Full Stack Developer
6 485 (11.75%) Senior Developer
7 334 (8.09%) Lead
8 328 (7.95%) Software Developer
9 301 (7.29%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
10 294 (7.12%) PHP Developer
11 279 (6.76%) Senior Software Engineer
12 251 (6.08%) C# Developer
13 237 (5.74%) Full Stack Engineer
14 224 (5.43%) Web Developer
15 169 (4.09%) Azure Developer
16 167 (4.05%) C# .NET Developer
17 134 (3.25%) React Developer
18 133 (3.22%) Lead Software Engineer
19 126 (3.05%) Lead Developer
20 118 (2.86%) Java Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 3,528 (85.47%) HTML
2 1,825 (44.21%) .NET
3 1,737 (42.08%) React
4 1,099 (26.62%) AngularJS
5 922 (22.34%) jQuery
6 905 (21.92%) ASP.NET
7 820 (19.86%) .NET Core
8 797 (19.31%) HTML5
9 688 (16.67%) Vue
10 647 (15.67%) Node.js
11 629 (15.24%) Twitter Bootstrap
12 570 (13.81%) CSS3
13 558 (13.52%) REST
13 558 (13.52%) Web Services
14 430 (10.42%) Entity Framework
15 419 (10.15%) .NET Framework
16 382 (9.25%) RESTful
17 376 (9.11%) ASP.NET MVC
18 362 (8.77%) JSON
19 355 (8.60%) Laravel
Miscellaneous
1 363 (8.79%) Data Structures
2 331 (8.02%) Algorithms
3 236 (5.72%) Blockchain
4 226 (5.47%) Hybrid Cloud
5 161 (3.90%) Greenfield Project
6 140 (3.39%) Cloud Native
7 130 (3.15%) Mobile App
8 121 (2.93%) Self-Motivation
9 112 (2.71%) e-Learning
9 112 (2.71%) Product Ownership
10 62 (1.50%) CMDB
11 60 (1.45%) Onboarding
12 50 (1.21%) Public Cloud
13 48 (1.16%) Legacy Systems
14 46 (1.11%) IoT
15 42 (1.02%) Social Media
16 41 (0.99%) Enterprise Software
17 40 (0.97%) Management Information System
18 39 (0.94%) Virtual Team
19 37 (0.90%) Low-Code
Operating Systems
1 438 (10.61%) Linux
2 384 (9.30%) Windows
3 288 (6.98%) Android
4 279 (6.76%) Apple iOS
5 22 (0.53%) Unix
6 12 (0.29%) Windows Server
7 9 (0.22%) Ubuntu
8 7 (0.17%) CentOS
8 7 (0.17%) Mac OS
9 5 (0.12%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
10 4 (0.097%) AIX
10 4 (0.097%) VMS
11 2 (0.048%) Mac OS X
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,706 (41.33%) Agile
2 1,321 (32.00%) Full Stack Development
3 1,195 (28.95%) Web Development
4 992 (24.03%) DevOps
5 987 (23.91%) Software Engineering
6 939 (22.75%) MVC
7 799 (19.36%) User Experience
8 741 (17.95%) Problem-Solving
9 620 (15.02%) Front End Development
10 521 (12.62%) Artificial Intelligence
11 460 (11.14%) OOP
12 457 (11.07%) OO
13 456 (11.05%) CI/CD
14 437 (10.59%) Design Patterns
14 437 (10.59%) TDD
15 417 (10.10%) Mentoring
16 399 (9.67%) Computer Science
17 350 (8.48%) E-Commerce
18 345 (8.36%) Responsive Web Design
19 319 (7.73%) SOLID
Programming Languages
1 3,453 (83.65%) JavaScript
2 1,801 (43.63%) C#
3 1,394 (33.77%) SQL
4 802 (19.43%) TypeScript
5 737 (17.85%) PHP
6 729 (17.66%) Python
7 634 (15.36%) Java
8 185 (4.48%) T-SQL
9 66 (1.60%) PowerShell
10 58 (1.41%) C++
11 50 (1.21%) Go
12 46 (1.11%) C
13 44 (1.07%) VB.NET
14 43 (1.04%) Ruby
15 40 (0.97%) VB
16 32 (0.78%) JSX
17 26 (0.63%) Kotlin
18 25 (0.61%) VBA
19 24 (0.58%) PL/SQL
20 23 (0.56%) XAML
Qualifications
1 632 (15.31%) Degree
2 364 (8.82%) Security Cleared
3 332 (8.04%) SC Cleared
4 209 (5.06%) Computer Science Degree
5 61 (1.48%) Microsoft Certification
6 27 (0.65%) BPSS Clearance
7 21 (0.51%) CTC Cleared
8 20 (0.48%) DBS Check
8 20 (0.48%) Master's Degree
9 12 (0.29%) Postgraduate
10 10 (0.24%) Azure Certification
11 6 (0.15%) HND
11 6 (0.15%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
12 4 (0.097%) ISEB
12 4 (0.097%) ISTQB
12 4 (0.097%) PMI Certification
13 3 (0.073%) AWS Certification
13 3 (0.073%) MCPD
13 3 (0.073%) MCT
14 2 (0.048%) DV Cleared
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 220 (5.33%) Accessibility
2 176 (4.26%) QA
3 79 (1.91%) WCAG
4 31 (0.75%) PMO
5 26 (0.63%) GDPR
6 23 (0.56%) SLA
7 19 (0.46%) WAI
8 5 (0.12%) ISO/IEC 27001
9 4 (0.097%) GRC
9 4 (0.097%) ISO 9001
10 3 (0.073%) Data Quality
10 3 (0.073%) HIPAA
10 3 (0.073%) MiFID
10 3 (0.073%) PCI DSS
11 2 (0.048%) Cyber Essentials
11 2 (0.048%) HL7
12 1 (0.024%) ISO 13485
12 1 (0.024%) NIST
System Software
1 256 (6.20%) Docker
2 23 (0.56%) Active Directory
3 16 (0.39%) Firmware
4 5 (0.12%) VMware Infrastructure
5 3 (0.073%) Virtual Desktop
6 2 (0.048%) Terminal Services
7 1 (0.024%) NFS
7 1 (0.024%) Varnish
Systems Management
1 209 (5.06%) Kubernetes
2 39 (0.94%) Terraform
3 23 (0.56%) Single Sign-On
4 13 (0.31%) WMI
5 10 (0.24%) MIIS
6 8 (0.19%) HP UCMDB
7 7 (0.17%) cPanel
8 6 (0.15%) Ansible
9 3 (0.073%) Active Directory Federation Services
9 3 (0.073%) Galera Cluster
9 3 (0.073%) logstash
9 3 (0.073%) Nagios
9 3 (0.073%) Progress Chef
9 3 (0.073%) Puppet
10 2 (0.048%) Istio
10 2 (0.048%) Plesk
10 2 (0.048%) RSA Archer
11 1 (0.024%) Kibana
11 1 (0.024%) systemd
11 1 (0.024%) TeamSite
Vendors
1 575 (13.93%) Microsoft
2 292 (7.07%) ESRI
3 229 (5.55%) Red Hat
4 226 (5.47%) IBM
5 221 (5.35%) Oracle
6 161 (3.90%) Adobe
7 131 (3.17%) Google
8 65 (1.57%) ServiceNow
9 53 (1.28%) Facebook
10 50 (1.21%) WooCommerce
11 49 (1.19%) Salesforce
12 44 (1.07%) SAP
13 39 (0.94%) Atlassian
14 34 (0.82%) Xamarin
15 27 (0.65%) HP
16 24 (0.58%) BMC
16 24 (0.58%) Remedy
17 20 (0.48%) OpenAI
17 20 (0.48%) Splunk
18 16 (0.39%) F5