SQL (Structured Query Language)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for SQL skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited SQL over the 6 months to 9 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
9 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 13 12 10
Rank change year-on-year -1 -2 -2
Contract jobs citing SQL 4,223 6,798 10,763
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 9.81% 11.72% 12.34%
As % of the Programming Languages category 33.16% 33.62% 34.02%
Number of daily rates quoted 3,064 4,896 7,763
10th Percentile £357 £363 £363
25th Percentile £425 £425 £431
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £538 £538 £525
Median % change year-on-year - +2.38% +9.95%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £475 £488 £461
% change year-on-year -2.56% +5.69% +8.53%
Number of hourly rates quoted 64 93 146
10th Percentile £23.13 £19.11 £16.25
25th Percentile £34.22 £26.48 £20.75
Median hourly rate £44.25 £50.00 £35.00
Median % change year-on-year -11.50% +42.86% +29.63%
75th Percentile £58.86 £70.00 £53.94
90th Percentile £62.99 £84.60 £64.38
UK excluding London median hourly rate £42.50 £40.59 £26.98
% change year-on-year +4.71% +50.44% +12.42%

All Programming Languages
UK

SQL is in the Programming Languages category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for coding skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for coding skills 12,736 20,223 31,637
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 29.58% 34.86% 36.26%
Number of daily rates quoted 9,069 14,573 23,041
10th Percentile £350 £395 £383
25th Percentile £425 £463 £455
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £528 £550 £550
Median % change year-on-year -4.00% - +10.00%
75th Percentile £650 £675 £650
90th Percentile £763 £775 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £489 £500 £488
% change year-on-year -2.20% +2.56% +14.71%
Number of hourly rates quoted 486 462 501
10th Percentile £32.25 £26.14 £19.52
25th Percentile £46.25 £50.00 £35.00
Median hourly rate £62.18 £60.94 £50.00
Median % change year-on-year +2.03% +21.88% +14.94%
75th Percentile £70.00 £70.00 £60.00
90th Percentile £78.96 £78.00 £69.05
UK excluding London median hourly rate £62.50 £61.84 £49.75
% change year-on-year +1.07% +24.30% +19.88%

SQL
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing SQL as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Daily rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 9 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Hourly rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 9 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Top 17 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing SQL within the UK over the 6 months to 9 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -1 3,628 £550 - 2,535
London +1 2,295 £575 - 1,086
Work from Home +2 1,729 £538 +4.72% 1,397
UK excluding London -6 1,470 £475 -2.56% 1,553
North of England -4 387 £475 -1.04% 397
South East -9 354 £475 -6.86% 288
North West -2 240 £475 - 220
Midlands -5 224 £425 -5.56% 355
Scotland 0 218 £475 -2.56% 108
South West -14 159 £538 +7.50% 196
West Midlands -7 147 £425 -16.67% 210
Yorkshire -7 114 £450 -10.00% 141
East of England -23 83 £450 +5.88% 167
East Midlands -1 75 £400 - 145
Wales +12 35 £450 -17.43% 46
North East +14 33 £475 -5.00% 38
Northern Ireland -5 15 £400 -11.11% 24

SQL
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 134 (3.17%) Apache
2 119 (2.82%) Apache Spark
3 115 (2.72%) Apache Airflow
4 82 (1.94%) SharePoint
5 79 (1.87%) Confluence
6 69 (1.63%) SAS
7 57 (1.35%) Microsoft Exchange
8 47 (1.11%) IIS
9 18 (0.43%) Oracle Workflow
10 14 (0.33%) BizTalk Server
11 13 (0.31%) CMS
11 13 (0.31%) OpenStack
12 12 (0.28%) MTS
12 12 (0.28%) nginx
13 9 (0.21%) WebSphere
14 8 (0.19%) SharePoint Server
14 8 (0.19%) Tomcat
15 7 (0.17%) JBoss
15 7 (0.17%) SharePoint 2010
15 7 (0.17%) WebLogic
Applications
1 192 (4.55%) Microsoft Excel
2 121 (2.87%) Chatbot
3 52 (1.23%) MS Visio
4 39 (0.92%) Microsoft Office
5 27 (0.64%) Microsoft PowerPoint
6 23 (0.54%) Spreadsheet
7 11 (0.26%) SPSS
8 8 (0.19%) CATIA
9 6 (0.14%) Microsoft Project
10 2 (0.047%) FileZilla
10 2 (0.047%) Mingle
10 2 (0.047%) Trello
Business Applications
1 44 (1.04%) Endur
2 30 (0.71%) Dynamics CRM
3 26 (0.62%) Aladdin
4 22 (0.52%) Oracle EBS
5 21 (0.50%) NEC Housing
6 19 (0.45%) Teamcenter
7 17 (0.40%) Dynamics GP
8 14 (0.33%) Oracle EBS R12
8 14 (0.33%) Oracle Payables
9 13 (0.31%) Elite 3E
9 13 (0.31%) Oracle Receivables
9 13 (0.31%) SAP S/4HANA
10 12 (0.28%) EuroRunner
11 11 (0.26%) Aligne
11 11 (0.26%) Oracle Financials
11 11 (0.26%) SimCorp Dimension
12 10 (0.24%) Oracle Assets
12 10 (0.24%) Oracle General Ledger
12 10 (0.24%) Salesforce CRM
13 9 (0.21%) Adobe Campaign
Cloud Services
1 1,158 (27.42%) Azure
2 794 (18.80%) AWS
3 601 (14.23%) Power Platform
4 271 (6.42%) Azure DevOps
5 238 (5.64%) Serverless
6 217 (5.14%) Azure Data Factory
7 212 (5.02%) GCP
8 149 (3.53%) GitHub
9 147 (3.48%) AWS Lambda
10 129 (3.05%) Snowflake
11 125 (2.96%) Amazon S3
12 111 (2.63%) Azure Synapse Analytics
13 79 (1.87%) PowerApps
14 77 (1.82%) Azure Logic Apps
14 77 (1.82%) Power Automate
15 75 (1.78%) Azure Cosmos DB
15 75 (1.78%) Azure Service Bus
15 75 (1.78%) PaaS
16 72 (1.70%) Microsoft 365
17 68 (1.61%) Azure Functions
Communications & Networking
1 60 (1.42%) Firewall
2 45 (1.07%) DNS
3 34 (0.81%) DHCP
4 33 (0.78%) Internet
5 32 (0.76%) VPN
6 22 (0.52%) SAN
6 22 (0.52%) TCP/IP
7 20 (0.47%) Network Security
8 19 (0.45%) Wi-Fi
9 17 (0.40%) BGP
9 17 (0.40%) WAN
10 15 (0.36%) HTTP
10 15 (0.36%) MPLS
11 13 (0.31%) LAN
12 12 (0.28%) FTP
13 11 (0.26%) Ethernet VPN
13 11 (0.26%) Fibre Channel
13 11 (0.26%) FIX Connectivity
13 11 (0.26%) Radio Access Network
14 9 (0.21%) AMQP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 738 (17.48%) SQL Server
2 559 (13.24%) Power BI
3 425 (10.06%) Data Warehouse
4 315 (7.46%) NoSQL
5 270 (6.39%) Relational Database
6 269 (6.37%) PostgreSQL
7 213 (5.04%) Tableau
8 204 (4.83%) Oracle Database
9 194 (4.59%) SQL Server Integration Services
10 190 (4.50%) Data Lake
11 183 (4.33%) Azure SQL Database
12 178 (4.22%) Big Data
13 139 (3.29%) SQL Server Reporting Services
14 133 (3.15%) MySQL
15 108 (2.56%) MongoDB
16 90 (2.13%) Amazon Redshift
17 84 (1.99%) Amazon RDS
18 81 (1.92%) BigQuery
19 79 (1.87%) Metadata
20 69 (1.63%) SQL Server Analysis Services
Development Applications
1 291 (6.89%) Git
2 257 (6.09%) JIRA
3 132 (3.13%) Jenkins
4 85 (2.01%) TeamCity
5 70 (1.66%) Visual Studio
6 63 (1.49%) GitLab
7 53 (1.26%) Cucumber
8 47 (1.11%) Selenium
9 45 (1.07%) Postman
10 42 (0.99%) JUnit
10 42 (0.99%) SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
11 33 (0.78%) Cypress.io
11 33 (0.78%) Oracle APEX
12 30 (0.71%) Maven
13 27 (0.64%) NUnit
14 23 (0.54%) SpecFlow
15 22 (0.52%) Team Foundation Server
16 19 (0.45%) Artifactory
16 19 (0.45%) TestRail
17 18 (0.43%) Bitbucket
General
1 1,024 (24.25%) Finance
2 921 (21.81%) Social Skills
3 587 (13.90%) Analytical Skills
4 430 (10.18%) Banking
5 280 (6.63%) Public Sector
6 270 (6.39%) Front Office
7 131 (3.10%) Investment Banking
8 115 (2.72%) Marketing
8 115 (2.72%) Retail
9 99 (2.34%) Back Office
10 82 (1.94%) Presentation Skills
11 70 (1.66%) Inclusion and Diversity
11 70 (1.66%) Telecoms
12 67 (1.59%) Manufacturing
13 47 (1.11%) Financial Institution
14 37 (0.88%) Legal
14 37 (0.88%) Local Government
14 37 (0.88%) Pharmaceutical
15 30 (0.71%) Documentation Skills
15 30 (0.71%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 1,414 (33.48%) Developer
2 619 (14.66%) Analyst
3 452 (10.70%) Data Engineer
4 441 (10.44%) Senior
5 262 (6.20%) Data Analyst
6 240 (5.68%) Architect
7 194 (4.59%) Business Analyst
7 194 (4.59%) Software Developer
8 169 (4.00%) SQL Developer
9 168 (3.98%) Lead
10 166 (3.93%) C# Developer
11 165 (3.91%) Consultant
12 154 (3.65%) Azure Engineer
13 151 (3.58%) DBA
14 141 (3.34%) .NET Developer
15 132 (3.13%) Senior Developer
16 131 (3.10%) Java Developer
17 118 (2.79%) Python Developer
18 109 (2.58%) Full Stack Developer
18 109 (2.58%) Software Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 504 (11.93%) .NET
2 346 (8.19%) HTML
3 221 (5.23%) REST
4 213 (5.04%) React
5 188 (4.45%) XML
6 159 (3.77%) CSS
7 153 (3.62%) Kafka
8 148 (3.50%) JSON
9 146 (3.46%) Spring
10 142 (3.36%) AngularJS
10 142 (3.36%) RESTful
11 119 (2.82%) PySpark
12 117 (2.77%) SOAP
12 117 (2.77%) Web Services
13 107 (2.53%) .NET Core
14 105 (2.49%) .NET Framework
14 105 (2.49%) Spring Boot
15 92 (2.18%) Node.js
16 77 (1.82%) ASP.NET
17 63 (1.49%) WPF
Miscellaneous
1 149 (3.53%) Derivative
2 129 (3.05%) Product Ownership
3 114 (2.70%) Hedge funds
4 98 (2.32%) Fixed Income
5 96 (2.27%) Management Information System
6 94 (2.23%) Equities
7 82 (1.94%) Onboarding
8 74 (1.75%) Self-Motivation
9 72 (1.70%) Algorithms
9 72 (1.70%) Legacy Systems
10 68 (1.61%) Data Structures
11 65 (1.54%) Replication
12 64 (1.52%) Cloud Native
13 62 (1.47%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
14 57 (1.35%) Data Protection Act
14 57 (1.35%) Enterprise Software
15 56 (1.33%) Greenfield Project
16 47 (1.11%) Distributed Systems
17 46 (1.09%) Public Cloud
18 44 (1.04%) Linux Command Line
Operating Systems
1 375 (8.88%) Windows
2 276 (6.54%) Linux
3 224 (5.30%) Unix
4 140 (3.32%) Windows Server
5 45 (1.07%) Windows Server 2012
6 41 (0.97%) VMS
7 39 (0.92%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
8 30 (0.71%) Windows 10
9 29 (0.69%) Windows Server 2016
10 26 (0.62%) Windows Server 2019
11 17 (0.40%) Apple iOS
12 15 (0.36%) Windows 7
12 15 (0.36%) Windows Server 2008
13 13 (0.31%) CentOS
14 12 (0.28%) Solaris
15 11 (0.26%) Android
16 9 (0.21%) AIX
17 8 (0.19%) OpenVMS
17 8 (0.19%) Ubuntu
18 4 (0.095%) Embedded Linux
Processes & Methodologies
1 985 (23.32%) Agile
2 743 (17.59%) Business Intelligence
3 646 (15.30%) DevOps
4 623 (14.75%) Data Modelling
5 573 (13.57%) Analytics
6 557 (13.19%) Problem-Solving
7 544 (12.88%) ETL
8 465 (11.01%) Software Engineering
9 462 (10.94%) CI/CD
10 453 (10.73%) Migration
11 339 (8.03%) Data Analysis
12 312 (7.39%) Visualisation
13 292 (6.91%) Scrum
14 279 (6.61%) Data Pipeline
15 268 (6.35%) Computer Science
16 264 (6.25%) Artificial Intelligence
17 252 (5.97%) Data Engineering
18 250 (5.92%) Test Automation
19 243 (5.75%) Microservices
20 218 (5.16%) Full Stack Development
Programming Languages
1 1,324 (31.35%) Python
2 789 (18.68%) C#
3 572 (13.54%) Java
4 502 (11.89%) JavaScript
5 328 (7.77%) PL/SQL
6 277 (6.56%) PowerShell
7 234 (5.54%) T-SQL
8 162 (3.84%) TypeScript
9 94 (2.23%) R
10 85 (2.01%) C++
11 82 (1.94%) Scala
12 78 (1.85%) Bash
13 76 (1.80%) Shell Script
14 70 (1.66%) VBA
15 69 (1.63%) Data Analysis Expressions
16 54 (1.28%) C
16 54 (1.28%) VB
17 53 (1.26%) Go
18 48 (1.14%) Perl
19 42 (0.99%) PHP
Qualifications
1 547 (12.95%) Degree
2 455 (10.77%) Security Cleared
3 353 (8.36%) SC Cleared
4 138 (3.27%) Computer Science Degree
5 81 (1.92%) DV Cleared
6 65 (1.54%) Master's Degree
7 51 (1.21%) Microsoft Certification
8 47 (1.11%) Azure Certification
9 35 (0.83%) BPSS Clearance
10 28 (0.66%) MCSE
11 22 (0.52%) PhD
12 21 (0.50%) ISTQB
13 17 (0.40%) MCSA
13 17 (0.40%) VMware Certified Professional (VCP)
14 15 (0.36%) CISSP
15 14 (0.33%) AWS Certification
16 13 (0.31%) ISEB
17 10 (0.24%) Numerate Degree
18 9 (0.21%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
19 6 (0.14%) SAP Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 257 (6.09%) Data Quality
2 235 (5.56%) QA
3 43 (1.02%) Accessibility
4 38 (0.90%) SLA
5 37 (0.88%) GDPR
6 34 (0.81%) MiFID
7 25 (0.59%) PCI DSS
8 24 (0.57%) EMIR
9 20 (0.47%) Dodd-Frank
10 15 (0.36%) HL7
11 12 (0.28%) Sarbanes-Oxley
12 11 (0.26%) GxP
12 11 (0.26%) IFRS
13 10 (0.24%) WCAG
14 9 (0.21%) ISO 20022
14 9 (0.21%) PMO
15 8 (0.19%) CDISC
16 7 (0.17%) GRC
16 7 (0.17%) ISO/IEC 27001
17 6 (0.14%) California Consumer Privacy Act
System Software
1 245 (5.80%) Docker
2 224 (5.30%) Active Directory
3 56 (1.33%) Virtual Machines
3 56 (1.33%) VMware Infrastructure
4 40 (0.95%) IAG
5 37 (0.88%) ACF2
5 37 (0.88%) RACF
6 13 (0.31%) vSphere
7 9 (0.21%) Virtual Servers
8 6 (0.14%) HDFS
8 6 (0.14%) Hyper-V
8 6 (0.14%) NFS
8 6 (0.14%) Virtual Desktop
9 5 (0.12%) VMware ESXi
10 4 (0.095%) GPFS
10 4 (0.095%) Microsoft Virtual Server
10 4 (0.095%) Veritas Cluster Server
10 4 (0.095%) VirtualBox
10 4 (0.095%) VMware NSX
11 3 (0.071%) Oracle RAC
Systems Management
1 225 (5.33%) Kubernetes
2 169 (4.00%) Terraform
3 87 (2.06%) Ansible
4 69 (1.63%) Grafana
5 32 (0.76%) Prometheus
6 27 (0.64%) Single Sign-On
7 24 (0.57%) SCCM
8 19 (0.45%) ITRS Geneos
9 17 (0.40%) SCOM
10 13 (0.31%) Kibana
11 12 (0.28%) Microsoft Intune
12 11 (0.26%) Microsoft Clustering
12 11 (0.26%) PingFederate
12 11 (0.26%) Progress Chef
13 10 (0.24%) Data Guard
14 9 (0.21%) BladeLogic
15 8 (0.19%) Docker Swarm
16 7 (0.17%) Podman
16 7 (0.17%) WSUS
16 7 (0.17%) ZABBIX
Vendors
1 718 (17.00%) Oracle
2 649 (15.37%) Microsoft
3 249 (5.90%) Databricks
4 163 (3.86%) SAP
5 126 (2.98%) Google
6 121 (2.87%) PayPal
7 88 (2.08%) ServiceNow
8 83 (1.97%) VMware
9 80 (1.89%) Salesforce
10 65 (1.54%) Informatica
11 61 (1.44%) Splunk
12 53 (1.26%) IBM
13 50 (1.18%) Sybase
14 41 (0.97%) Citrix
15 36 (0.85%) Bloomberg
16 31 (0.73%) Cisco
17 30 (0.71%) CyberArk
18 28 (0.66%) Alteryx
19 27 (0.64%) Avaloq
19 27 (0.64%) Dynatrace