CI/CD
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for CI/CD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited CI/CD over the 6 months to 10 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
10 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 30 21 19
Rank change year-on-year -9 -2 -2
Contract jobs citing CI/CD 2,477 4,589 7,558
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 5.76% 7.93% 8.66%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 6.68% 8.83% 9.55%
Number of daily rates quoted 1,750 3,246 5,306
10th Percentile £403 £450 £438
25th Percentile £463 £500 £500
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £550 £600 £600
Median % change year-on-year -8.33% - +14.29%
75th Percentile £650 £688 £688
90th Percentile £750 £778 £775
UK excluding London median daily rate £550 £550 £525
% change year-on-year - +4.76% +10.53%
Number of hourly rates quoted 45 73 65
10th Percentile £50.50 £59.84 £35.80
25th Percentile £60.25 £60.91 £55.00
Median hourly rate £65.00 £65.61 £65.00
Median % change year-on-year -0.92% +0.93% +36.84%
75th Percentile £70.00 £75.00 £75.00
90th Percentile £72.10 £79.20 £80.10
UK excluding London median hourly rate £66.00 £65.61 £65.00
% change year-on-year +0.60% +0.93% +12.07%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

CI/CD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 37,090 51,996 79,100
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.26% 89.82% 90.61%
Number of daily rates quoted 23,884 36,030 55,497
10th Percentile £300 £325 £343
25th Percentile £413 £438 £427
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £530
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +3.77% +8.72%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £475
% change year-on-year - +5.26% +8.57%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,438 1,721 1,893
10th Percentile £12.75 £11.00 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £16.13 £15.50
Median hourly rate £36.50 £36.25 £25.68
Median % change year-on-year +0.69% +41.16% +4.82%
75th Percentile £60.00 £65.00 £49.50
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £65.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £38.06 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +8.74% +75.00% -6.98%

CI/CD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CI/CD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Daily rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 10 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Hourly rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 10 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Top 16 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CI/CD within the UK over the 6 months to 10 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -8 2,123 £550 -8.33% 1,085
London -7 1,307 £553 -11.22% 501
Work from Home -13 897 £550 -8.33% 654
UK excluding London -8 868 £550 - 646
North of England -1 301 £550 - 182
North West -2 189 £582 +5.82% 109
South East -18 174 £600 +4.35% 115
South West -16 138 £580 -3.33% 113
Scotland -14 127 £499 +2.31% 74
Yorkshire +9 102 £523 -5.00% 56
Midlands -33 65 £475 -11.71% 81
West Midlands -32 50 £475 -12.04% 61
East of England -18 41 £534 -0.19% 54
Wales +9 24 £509 -13.23% 25
East Midlands +3 12 £398 -6.47% 19
North East -18 10 £469 -21.88% 18

CI/CD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 91 (3.67%) Confluence
2 71 (2.87%) Apache
3 69 (2.79%) Apache Spark
4 65 (2.62%) Apache Airflow
5 30 (1.21%) OpenStack
6 29 (1.17%) nginx
7 27 (1.09%) Microsoft Exchange
8 22 (0.89%) SharePoint
9 15 (0.61%) CMS
10 14 (0.57%) JBoss
11 13 (0.52%) Anypoint
12 12 (0.48%) BizTalk Server
13 10 (0.40%) IIS
13 10 (0.40%) SAS
14 6 (0.24%) Adobe Experience Manager
14 6 (0.24%) Tornado
15 5 (0.20%) Apache Solr
15 5 (0.20%) Appian
15 5 (0.20%) Cloud Foundry
15 5 (0.20%) Mule ESB
Applications
1 9 (0.36%) Chatbot
2 8 (0.32%) Microsoft Office
3 6 (0.24%) Microsoft Excel
4 3 (0.12%) CPLEX
4 3 (0.12%) Microsoft PowerPoint
4 3 (0.12%) Windchill
5 1 (0.040%) Gliffy
5 1 (0.040%) PlantUML
5 1 (0.040%) Trello
Business Applications
1 15 (0.61%) Dynamics CRM
2 9 (0.36%) Salesforce CRM
3 8 (0.32%) Loan IQ
4 6 (0.24%) Endur
4 6 (0.24%) NEC Housing
4 6 (0.24%) SAP Hybris
5 4 (0.16%) Distributed Ledger
5 4 (0.16%) SAP S/4HANA
6 3 (0.12%) ENOVIA
6 3 (0.12%) Remedy ITSM
6 3 (0.12%) Shopify
6 3 (0.12%) Teamcenter
7 2 (0.081%) Aladdin
7 2 (0.081%) BusinessWorks
8 1 (0.040%) Aareon QL
8 1 (0.040%) Fidessa
8 1 (0.040%) MIS ActiveH
8 1 (0.040%) OPENHousing
8 1 (0.040%) Oracle EBS
8 1 (0.040%) R3 Corda
Cloud Services
1 930 (37.55%) AWS
2 846 (34.15%) Azure
3 369 (14.90%) Azure DevOps
4 317 (12.80%) Serverless
5 287 (11.59%) GitHub
6 269 (10.86%) GCP
7 180 (7.27%) Amazon S3
7 180 (7.27%) AWS Lambda
8 145 (5.85%) Entra ID
9 134 (5.41%) Amazon EC2
10 107 (4.32%) OpenShift
11 102 (4.12%) AWS CloudFormation
12 96 (3.88%) Azure Functions
13 95 (3.84%) GitHub Actions
14 93 (3.75%) Amazon EKS
15 86 (3.47%) Amazon CloudWatch
16 85 (3.43%) Azure Cosmos DB
17 81 (3.27%) PaaS
18 72 (2.91%) Azure Data Factory
19 71 (2.87%) Virtual Private Cloud
Communications & Networking
1 156 (6.30%) Firewall
2 104 (4.20%) VPN
3 64 (2.58%) DNS
4 49 (1.98%) TCP/IP
5 48 (1.94%) HTTP
6 42 (1.70%) Network Security
7 34 (1.37%) SSL
8 24 (0.97%) DHCP
9 17 (0.69%) BGP
10 14 (0.57%) SAN
10 14 (0.57%) VSAN
11 12 (0.48%) Ethernet VPN
11 12 (0.48%) MPLS
12 11 (0.44%) Ethernet
12 11 (0.44%) Radio Access Network
13 9 (0.36%) Wi-Fi
14 7 (0.28%) AMQP
14 7 (0.28%) FTP
14 7 (0.28%) Internet
14 7 (0.28%) SNA
Database & Business Intelligence
1 205 (8.28%) SQL Server
2 174 (7.02%) NoSQL
3 140 (5.65%) PostgreSQL
4 125 (5.05%) MongoDB
5 95 (3.84%) Relational Database
6 77 (3.11%) Amazon RDS
6 77 (3.11%) Elasticsearch
7 74 (2.99%) Data Warehouse
8 73 (2.95%) Azure SQL Database
9 67 (2.70%) MySQL
10 66 (2.66%) Data Lake
11 62 (2.50%) Big Data
12 55 (2.22%) Power BI
13 50 (2.02%) DynamoDB
14 37 (1.49%) Amazon Redshift
15 31 (1.25%) Redis
16 30 (1.21%) BigQuery
17 28 (1.13%) Oracle Database
18 25 (1.01%) Hadoop
19 22 (0.89%) Amazon Aurora
Development Applications
1 567 (22.89%) Jenkins
2 452 (18.25%) Git
3 321 (12.96%) GitLab
4 204 (8.24%) JIRA
5 120 (4.84%) Selenium
6 109 (4.40%) Cypress.io
7 96 (3.88%) Cucumber
8 71 (2.87%) Postman
8 71 (2.87%) TeamCity
9 69 (2.79%) Bitbucket
10 66 (2.66%) JUnit
11 62 (2.50%) Maven
12 56 (2.26%) SpecFlow
13 55 (2.22%) Visual Studio
14 53 (2.14%) Atlassian Bamboo
15 48 (1.94%) SonarQube
16 43 (1.74%) JMeter
17 42 (1.70%) Artifactory
18 34 (1.37%) Mockito
18 34 (1.37%) WebDriver
General
1 515 (20.79%) Social Skills
2 427 (17.24%) Finance
3 240 (9.69%) Public Sector
4 185 (7.47%) Analytical Skills
5 154 (6.22%) Banking
6 61 (2.46%) Front Office
7 56 (2.26%) Retail
8 46 (1.86%) Presentation Skills
9 45 (1.82%) Inclusion and Diversity
10 35 (1.41%) Telecoms
11 29 (1.17%) Financial Institution
11 29 (1.17%) Law
12 28 (1.13%) Investment Banking
13 27 (1.09%) Pharmaceutical
14 25 (1.01%) Legal
15 23 (0.93%) Marketing
16 21 (0.85%) Back Office
17 20 (0.81%) Manufacturing
18 19 (0.77%) Aerospace
18 19 (0.77%) Electronics
Job Titles
1 710 (28.66%) Developer
2 387 (15.62%) DevOps Engineer
3 359 (14.49%) Senior
4 232 (9.37%) Architect
5 214 (8.64%) Lead
6 153 (6.18%) Senior Developer
7 149 (6.02%) AWS Engineer
8 145 (5.85%) Java Developer
9 137 (5.53%) Azure Engineer
10 125 (5.05%) Software Engineer
11 115 (4.64%) Data Engineer
12 108 (4.36%) Full Stack Developer
13 103 (4.16%) AWS DevOps
14 90 (3.63%) AWS DevOps Engineer
15 85 (3.43%) Python Developer
16 83 (3.35%) Cloud Engineer
17 75 (3.03%) Software Developer
18 69 (2.79%) Azure Developer
19 67 (2.70%) Solutions Architect
20 64 (2.58%) Java Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 290 (11.71%) Node.js
2 284 (11.47%) .NET
3 280 (11.30%) React
4 246 (9.93%) REST
5 174 (7.02%) Spring
6 156 (6.30%) Spring Boot
7 152 (6.14%) XML
8 151 (6.10%) HTML
9 149 (6.02%) Kafka
10 140 (5.65%) CSS
11 128 (5.17%) RESTful
12 113 (4.56%) .NET Core
13 105 (4.24%) AngularJS
14 99 (4.00%) Elastic Stack
15 97 (3.92%) JSON
16 91 (3.67%) YAML
17 84 (3.39%) .NET Framework
18 74 (2.99%) ARM Templates
19 65 (2.62%) GraphQL
19 65 (2.62%) Web Services
Miscellaneous
1 158 (6.38%) Product Ownership
2 101 (4.08%) Public Cloud
3 88 (3.55%) Cloud Native
4 78 (3.15%) Distributed Systems
5 61 (2.46%) Data Structures
6 58 (2.34%) Algorithms
7 55 (2.22%) Linux Command Line
8 52 (2.10%) Greenfield Project
9 51 (2.06%) Mobile App
10 42 (1.70%) Legacy Systems
11 39 (1.57%) Data Centre
12 38 (1.53%) Data Protection Act
13 37 (1.49%) Derivative
14 31 (1.25%) Management Information System
14 31 (1.25%) Onboarding
15 28 (1.13%) Enterprise Software
15 28 (1.13%) PKI
16 27 (1.09%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
17 26 (1.05%) Fixed Income
17 26 (1.05%) Self-Motivation
Operating Systems
1 429 (17.32%) Linux
2 218 (8.80%) Windows
3 103 (4.16%) Unix
4 99 (4.00%) Windows Server
5 79 (3.19%) Android
6 64 (2.58%) Apple iOS
7 59 (2.38%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
8 33 (1.33%) CentOS
9 21 (0.85%) VMS
10 20 (0.81%) Windows Server 2019
11 19 (0.77%) Windows Server 2016
12 18 (0.73%) Ubuntu
13 7 (0.28%) Embedded Linux
13 7 (0.28%) Solaris
14 5 (0.20%) Alpine Linux
15 4 (0.16%) AIX
15 4 (0.16%) VxWorks
16 3 (0.12%) Windows 10
16 3 (0.12%) Windows Server 2012
17 2 (0.081%) Mac OS
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,410 (56.92%) DevOps
2 1,088 (43.92%) Agile
3 482 (19.46%) Test Automation
4 479 (19.34%) Infrastructure as Code
5 428 (17.28%) Continuous Integration
6 385 (15.54%) Microservices
7 371 (14.98%) Software Engineering
8 326 (13.16%) Containerisation
8 326 (13.16%) Problem-Solving
9 325 (13.12%) Scrum
10 255 (10.29%) TDD
11 243 (9.81%) SDLC
12 224 (9.04%) Full Stack Development
13 181 (7.31%) Migration
14 163 (6.58%) Computer Science
14 163 (6.58%) Continuous Delivery
15 162 (6.54%) Continuous Deployment
16 155 (6.26%) Analytics
17 150 (6.06%) Configuration Management
18 143 (5.77%) Unit Testing
Programming Languages
1 836 (33.75%) Python
2 552 (22.29%) Java
3 464 (18.73%) SQL
4 360 (14.53%) JavaScript
5 327 (13.20%) PowerShell
6 321 (12.96%) C#
7 237 (9.57%) TypeScript
8 211 (8.52%) Bash
9 135 (5.45%) Go
10 94 (3.79%) Shell Script
11 90 (3.63%) Bicep
12 79 (3.19%) C++
13 64 (2.58%) Perl
14 53 (2.14%) Kotlin
15 51 (2.06%) Scala
16 47 (1.90%) Ruby
17 36 (1.45%) C
18 35 (1.41%) Groovy
19 26 (1.05%) PHP
20 22 (0.89%) T-SQL
Qualifications
1 498 (20.10%) Security Cleared
2 384 (15.50%) SC Cleared
3 188 (7.59%) Degree
4 113 (4.56%) DV Cleared
5 109 (4.40%) Computer Science Degree
6 42 (1.70%) AWS Certification
7 24 (0.97%) Master's Degree
8 22 (0.89%) Azure Certification
9 20 (0.81%) AWS Certified DevOps Engineer
10 19 (0.77%) BPSS Clearance
11 16 (0.65%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
12 14 (0.57%) CISSP
12 14 (0.57%) ISTQB
13 12 (0.48%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
14 7 (0.28%) CISM
14 7 (0.28%) Microsoft Certification
15 6 (0.24%) AAT
16 5 (0.20%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
17 4 (0.16%) ISEB
18 3 (0.12%) CRISC
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 156 (6.30%) QA
2 61 (2.46%) Accessibility
3 40 (1.61%) Data Quality
4 18 (0.73%) ISO/IEC 27001
4 18 (0.73%) NIST
5 17 (0.69%) MISRA
6 16 (0.65%) SLA
7 14 (0.57%) Disclosure Scotland
8 13 (0.52%) WCAG
9 12 (0.48%) GDPR
9 12 (0.48%) PCI DSS
10 8 (0.32%) NCSC
11 5 (0.20%) HIPAA
11 5 (0.20%) ISO 9001
12 4 (0.16%) ISO 20022
12 4 (0.16%) MiFID
12 4 (0.16%) MISRA C
12 4 (0.16%) PMO
13 3 (0.12%) Cyber Essentials
13 3 (0.12%) ISO 22301
System Software
1 529 (21.36%) Docker
2 174 (7.02%) Active Directory
3 73 (2.95%) Virtual Machines
4 31 (1.25%) VMware Infrastructure
5 27 (1.09%) VMware NSX
6 18 (0.73%) Virtual Desktop
7 16 (0.65%) Apache ZooKeeper
8 14 (0.57%) VMware ESXi
9 11 (0.44%) vSphere
10 10 (0.40%) HDFS
10 10 (0.40%) vCloud
11 7 (0.28%) Firmware
12 3 (0.12%) Hyper-V
12 3 (0.12%) LXC
13 2 (0.081%) Embedded Firmware
14 1 (0.040%) Apache Flume
14 1 (0.040%) Ceph
14 1 (0.040%) NFS
14 1 (0.040%) Oracle RAC
14 1 (0.040%) XenDesktop
Systems Management
1 647 (26.12%) Terraform
2 619 (24.99%) Kubernetes
3 362 (14.61%) Ansible
4 150 (6.06%) Grafana
5 134 (5.41%) Prometheus
6 78 (3.15%) Puppet
7 70 (2.83%) Progress Chef
8 59 (2.38%) Kibana
9 34 (1.37%) logstash
10 28 (1.13%) Packer
11 24 (0.97%) PowerCLI
11 24 (0.97%) Single Sign-On
12 23 (0.93%) Consul
13 21 (0.85%) Active Directory Federation Services
14 19 (0.77%) Docker Swarm
14 19 (0.77%) Istio
14 19 (0.77%) SCOM
15 17 (0.69%) Argo
15 17 (0.69%) Microsoft Intune
15 17 (0.69%) vCenter Server
Vendors
1 354 (14.29%) Microsoft
2 129 (5.21%) Google
3 119 (4.80%) Oracle
4 73 (2.95%) Splunk
5 70 (2.83%) Databricks
6 69 (2.79%) VMware
7 48 (1.94%) IBM
7 48 (1.94%) ServiceNow
8 46 (1.86%) Salesforce
9 45 (1.82%) SAP
10 41 (1.66%) Red Hat
11 40 (1.61%) Atlassian
12 32 (1.29%) MuleSoft
13 28 (1.13%) Dell
14 25 (1.01%) CyberArk
15 23 (0.93%) HP
16 18 (0.73%) BeyondTrust
16 18 (0.73%) Cisco
16 18 (0.73%) TIBCO
17 16 (0.65%) AppDynamics