SQL (Structured Query Language)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for SQL skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited SQL over the 6 months to 25 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
25 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 13 12 10
Rank change year-on-year -1 -2 -3
Contract jobs citing SQL 4,210 6,428 10,706
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 9.87% 11.40% 12.23%
As % of the Programming Languages category 32.88% 33.17% 33.88%
Number of daily rates quoted 3,053 4,630 7,731
10th Percentile £350 £363 £363
25th Percentile £419 £425 £431
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £533 £535 £537
Median % change year-on-year -0.37% -0.28% +9.49%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £475 £488 £475
% change year-on-year -2.56% +2.63% +11.76%
Number of hourly rates quoted 60 84 134
10th Percentile £22.74 £20.69 £16.25
25th Percentile £29.72 £26.95 £20.19
Median hourly rate £43.75 £50.00 £35.00
Median % change year-on-year -12.50% +42.86% +29.63%
75th Percentile £57.50 £70.06 £53.50
90th Percentile £63.00 £82.85 £63.60
UK excluding London median hourly rate £42.50 £48.36 £26.00
% change year-on-year -12.12% +86.01% +10.78%

All Programming Languages
UK

SQL is in the Programming Languages category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for coding skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for coding skills 12,803 19,377 31,598
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 30.02% 34.35% 36.08%
Number of daily rates quoted 9,124 13,952 23,101
10th Percentile £350 £388 £386
25th Percentile £425 £463 £456
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £550
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% - +10.00%
75th Percentile £650 £676 £656
90th Percentile £763 £788 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £488 £500 £500
% change year-on-year -2.50% - +16.28%
Number of hourly rates quoted 504 443 488
10th Percentile £32.25 £26.30 £19.52
25th Percentile £46.25 £50.00 £35.00
Median hourly rate £62.50 £62.50 £50.81
Median % change year-on-year - +23.01% +18.16%
75th Percentile £70.00 £70.00 £61.25
90th Percentile £77.50 £78.00 £73.10
UK excluding London median hourly rate £62.50 £62.50 £50.77
% change year-on-year - +23.10% +25.96%

SQL
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing SQL as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Daily rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 25 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Hourly rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 25 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Top 17 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing SQL within the UK over the 6 months to 25 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -1 3,633 £550 - 3,233
London +1 2,305 £575 -0.86% 1,667
Work from Home +4 1,709 £533 +4.00% 1,583
UK excluding London -5 1,465 £475 -2.56% 2,169
North of England -3 404 £475 -2.06% 492
South East -11 343 £471 -8.50% 798
North West -3 243 £475 - 272
Midlands -3 225 £400 -11.11% 340
Scotland -1 212 £450 -7.69% 123
South West -12 160 £538 +7.50% 194
West Midlands -6 147 £425 -15.00% 201
Yorkshire -5 128 £495 -2.94% 167
East of England -17 80 £450 +5.88% 178
East Midlands +3 77 £394 -1.56% 135
North East +18 33 £475 -5.00% 61
Wales +10 33 £450 -16.67% 44
Northern Ireland -6 13 £400 -11.11% 31

SQL
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 130 (3.09%) Apache
2 122 (2.90%) Apache Spark
3 119 (2.83%) Apache Airflow
4 84 (2.00%) SharePoint
5 76 (1.81%) SAS
6 66 (1.57%) Confluence
7 54 (1.28%) Microsoft Exchange
8 44 (1.05%) IIS
9 25 (0.59%) Oracle Workflow
10 13 (0.31%) CMS
11 12 (0.29%) BizTalk Server
11 12 (0.29%) MTS
12 11 (0.26%) OpenStack
13 10 (0.24%) Tomcat
14 9 (0.21%) Jupyter
15 8 (0.19%) JBoss
15 8 (0.19%) nginx
15 8 (0.19%) SharePoint Server
15 8 (0.19%) WebSphere
16 7 (0.17%) SharePoint 2010
Applications
1 189 (4.49%) Microsoft Excel
2 121 (2.87%) Chatbot
3 52 (1.24%) MS Visio
4 42 (1.00%) Microsoft Office
5 26 (0.62%) Microsoft PowerPoint
6 24 (0.57%) Spreadsheet
7 11 (0.26%) SPSS
8 8 (0.19%) CATIA
9 7 (0.17%) Microsoft Project
10 3 (0.071%) Trello
11 2 (0.048%) FileZilla
11 2 (0.048%) Mingle
12 1 (0.024%) PTC Creo
12 1 (0.024%) Windchill
Business Applications
1 44 (1.05%) Endur
2 27 (0.64%) Aladdin
2 27 (0.64%) Dynamics CRM
3 24 (0.57%) Oracle EBS
4 22 (0.52%) NEC Housing
5 19 (0.45%) Teamcenter
6 17 (0.40%) Dynamics GP
7 15 (0.36%) Oracle Payables
8 14 (0.33%) Oracle EBS R12
8 14 (0.33%) Oracle Receivables
8 14 (0.33%) SimCorp Dimension
9 13 (0.31%) Elite 3E
9 13 (0.31%) SAP S/4HANA
10 12 (0.29%) EuroRunner
10 12 (0.29%) Oracle Financials
11 11 (0.26%) Aligne
12 10 (0.24%) Oracle Assets
13 9 (0.21%) Adobe Campaign
13 9 (0.21%) ION MarketView
13 9 (0.21%) Salesforce CRM
Cloud Services
1 1,163 (27.62%) Azure
2 789 (18.74%) AWS
3 607 (14.42%) Power Platform
4 262 (6.22%) Azure DevOps
5 230 (5.46%) Serverless
6 213 (5.06%) GCP
7 203 (4.82%) Azure Data Factory
8 159 (3.78%) GitHub
9 139 (3.30%) AWS Lambda
10 137 (3.25%) Amazon S3
11 135 (3.21%) Snowflake
12 104 (2.47%) Azure Synapse Analytics
13 79 (1.88%) PaaS
14 78 (1.85%) Azure Logic Apps
14 78 (1.85%) Azure Service Bus
14 78 (1.85%) Power Automate
14 78 (1.85%) PowerApps
15 73 (1.73%) Microsoft 365
16 72 (1.71%) Azure Cosmos DB
17 66 (1.57%) Cloud Computing
Communications & Networking
1 50 (1.19%) Firewall
2 41 (0.97%) DNS
3 35 (0.83%) DHCP
4 34 (0.81%) Internet
5 29 (0.69%) VPN
6 21 (0.50%) TCP/IP
7 20 (0.48%) SAN
8 19 (0.45%) Wi-Fi
9 15 (0.36%) BGP
9 15 (0.36%) HTTP
9 15 (0.36%) Network Security
10 14 (0.33%) WAN
11 13 (0.31%) FTP
11 13 (0.31%) MPLS
12 12 (0.29%) LAN
13 11 (0.26%) SSH
14 10 (0.24%) Fibre Channel
14 10 (0.24%) FIX Connectivity
15 9 (0.21%) Ethernet VPN
15 9 (0.21%) Skype
Database & Business Intelligence
1 722 (17.15%) SQL Server
2 568 (13.49%) Power BI
3 421 (10.00%) Data Warehouse
4 315 (7.48%) NoSQL
5 263 (6.25%) Relational Database
6 257 (6.10%) PostgreSQL
7 235 (5.58%) Tableau
8 198 (4.70%) Oracle Database
9 194 (4.61%) Data Lake
10 189 (4.49%) Big Data
11 184 (4.37%) SQL Server Integration Services
12 183 (4.35%) Azure SQL Database
13 140 (3.33%) SQL Server Reporting Services
14 130 (3.09%) MySQL
15 102 (2.42%) MongoDB
16 96 (2.28%) Amazon Redshift
17 95 (2.26%) Amazon RDS
18 89 (2.11%) BigQuery
19 75 (1.78%) Metadata
20 67 (1.59%) SQL Server Analysis Services
Development Applications
1 292 (6.94%) Git
2 247 (5.87%) JIRA
3 137 (3.25%) Jenkins
4 81 (1.92%) TeamCity
5 66 (1.57%) Visual Studio
6 64 (1.52%) GitLab
7 51 (1.21%) Selenium
8 48 (1.14%) Cucumber
9 42 (1.00%) SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
10 38 (0.90%) Postman
11 37 (0.88%) JUnit
12 36 (0.86%) Cypress.io
13 33 (0.78%) Oracle APEX
14 27 (0.64%) Maven
15 25 (0.59%) NUnit
15 25 (0.59%) SpecFlow
16 23 (0.55%) Team Foundation Server
17 19 (0.45%) Artifactory
17 19 (0.45%) Oracle Forms
18 18 (0.43%) Bitbucket
General
1 1,031 (24.49%) Finance
2 906 (21.52%) Social Skills
3 594 (14.11%) Analytical Skills
4 422 (10.02%) Banking
5 270 (6.41%) Public Sector
6 266 (6.32%) Front Office
7 135 (3.21%) Investment Banking
8 123 (2.92%) Retail
9 111 (2.64%) Marketing
10 93 (2.21%) Back Office
11 76 (1.81%) Presentation Skills
12 70 (1.66%) Inclusion and Diversity
13 65 (1.54%) Telecoms
14 62 (1.47%) Manufacturing
15 43 (1.02%) Financial Institution
16 40 (0.95%) Pharmaceutical
17 37 (0.88%) Legal
17 37 (0.88%) Local Government
18 33 (0.78%) Billing
19 29 (0.69%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 1,402 (33.30%) Developer
2 642 (15.25%) Analyst
3 448 (10.64%) Data Engineer
4 441 (10.48%) Senior
5 264 (6.27%) Data Analyst
6 241 (5.72%) Architect
7 195 (4.63%) Business Analyst
8 191 (4.54%) Software Developer
9 169 (4.01%) Consultant
10 164 (3.90%) Lead
11 162 (3.85%) SQL Developer
12 160 (3.80%) C# Developer
13 154 (3.66%) Azure Engineer
14 143 (3.40%) DBA
15 135 (3.21%) .NET Developer
16 131 (3.11%) Senior Developer
17 126 (2.99%) Java Developer
18 114 (2.71%) Software Engineer
19 111 (2.64%) Business Intelligence Developer
19 111 (2.64%) Full Stack Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 494 (11.73%) .NET
2 357 (8.48%) HTML
3 207 (4.92%) REST
4 206 (4.89%) React
5 190 (4.51%) XML
6 164 (3.90%) CSS
7 158 (3.75%) Kafka
8 145 (3.44%) AngularJS
8 145 (3.44%) RESTful
8 145 (3.44%) Spring
9 137 (3.25%) JSON
10 119 (2.83%) Web Services
11 115 (2.73%) SOAP
12 114 (2.71%) PySpark
13 105 (2.49%) .NET Core
14 101 (2.40%) .NET Framework
15 98 (2.33%) Spring Boot
16 85 (2.02%) Node.js
17 74 (1.76%) ASP.NET
18 62 (1.47%) LDAP
Miscellaneous
1 150 (3.56%) Derivative
2 135 (3.21%) Product Ownership
3 112 (2.66%) Hedge funds
4 99 (2.35%) Fixed Income
4 99 (2.35%) Management Information System
5 94 (2.23%) Equities
6 86 (2.04%) Onboarding
7 74 (1.76%) Legacy Systems
8 72 (1.71%) Self-Motivation
9 69 (1.64%) Algorithms
9 69 (1.64%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
10 66 (1.57%) Replication
11 64 (1.52%) Data Structures
11 64 (1.52%) Enterprise Software
12 58 (1.38%) Cloud Native
13 56 (1.33%) Data Protection Act
14 52 (1.24%) Greenfield Project
15 50 (1.19%) Distributed Systems
16 44 (1.05%) Data Centre
17 42 (1.00%) Linux Command Line
Operating Systems
1 375 (8.91%) Windows
2 261 (6.20%) Linux
3 237 (5.63%) Unix
4 143 (3.40%) Windows Server
5 41 (0.97%) Windows Server 2012
6 36 (0.86%) VMS
7 32 (0.76%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7 32 (0.76%) Windows 10
8 30 (0.71%) Windows Server 2016
9 22 (0.52%) Windows Server 2019
10 17 (0.40%) Apple iOS
11 14 (0.33%) Windows 7
12 13 (0.31%) Solaris
13 12 (0.29%) CentOS
14 11 (0.26%) Windows Server 2008
15 9 (0.21%) AIX
16 8 (0.19%) Android
17 5 (0.12%) OpenVMS
18 4 (0.095%) Data ONTAP
18 4 (0.095%) Embedded Linux
Processes & Methodologies
1 970 (23.04%) Agile
2 747 (17.74%) Business Intelligence
3 636 (15.11%) DevOps
4 621 (14.75%) Data Modelling
5 592 (14.06%) Analytics
6 561 (13.33%) Problem-Solving
7 551 (13.09%) ETL
8 458 (10.88%) CI/CD
8 458 (10.88%) Software Engineering
9 440 (10.45%) Migration
10 336 (7.98%) Data Analysis
11 306 (7.27%) Visualisation
12 299 (7.10%) Scrum
13 285 (6.77%) Computer Science
14 282 (6.70%) Data Pipeline
15 264 (6.27%) Artificial Intelligence
16 254 (6.03%) Test Automation
17 238 (5.65%) Microservices
18 237 (5.63%) Data Engineering
19 221 (5.25%) Data Visualisation
Programming Languages
1 1,304 (30.97%) Python
2 762 (18.10%) C#
3 581 (13.80%) Java
4 502 (11.92%) JavaScript
5 328 (7.79%) PL/SQL
6 273 (6.48%) PowerShell
7 233 (5.53%) T-SQL
8 155 (3.68%) TypeScript
9 95 (2.26%) R
10 87 (2.07%) C++
11 86 (2.04%) Shell Script
12 79 (1.88%) Bash
13 70 (1.66%) Scala
14 67 (1.59%) Data Analysis Expressions
15 66 (1.57%) VBA
16 60 (1.43%) C
17 57 (1.35%) Perl
18 52 (1.24%) Go
18 52 (1.24%) VB
19 39 (0.93%) PHP
Qualifications
1 566 (13.44%) Degree
2 435 (10.33%) Security Cleared
3 333 (7.91%) SC Cleared
4 145 (3.44%) Computer Science Degree
5 80 (1.90%) DV Cleared
6 66 (1.57%) Master's Degree
7 53 (1.26%) Microsoft Certification
8 52 (1.24%) Azure Certification
9 35 (0.83%) BPSS Clearance
10 29 (0.69%) MCSE
11 22 (0.52%) PhD
12 21 (0.50%) ISTQB
13 18 (0.43%) MCSA
13 18 (0.43%) VMware Certified Professional (VCP)
14 16 (0.38%) CISSP
15 15 (0.36%) Numerate Degree
16 13 (0.31%) AWS Certification
16 13 (0.31%) ISEB
17 9 (0.21%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
17 9 (0.21%) PMP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 259 (6.15%) Data Quality
2 223 (5.30%) QA
3 46 (1.09%) Accessibility
3 46 (1.09%) SLA
4 36 (0.86%) GDPR
5 33 (0.78%) MiFID
6 25 (0.59%) PCI DSS
7 24 (0.57%) EMIR
8 19 (0.45%) Dodd-Frank
9 15 (0.36%) HL7
10 13 (0.31%) Sarbanes-Oxley
11 11 (0.26%) GxP
11 11 (0.26%) WCAG
12 9 (0.21%) IFRS
12 9 (0.21%) PMO
13 8 (0.19%) Actionable Recommendations
13 8 (0.19%) CDISC
13 8 (0.19%) ISO 20022
14 7 (0.17%) ISO/IEC 27001
15 6 (0.14%) Basel III
System Software
1 244 (5.80%) Docker
2 221 (5.25%) Active Directory
3 59 (1.40%) Virtual Machines
3 59 (1.40%) VMware Infrastructure
4 40 (0.95%) IAG
5 37 (0.88%) ACF2
5 37 (0.88%) RACF
6 13 (0.31%) vSphere
7 11 (0.26%) Virtual Servers
8 8 (0.19%) HDFS
8 8 (0.19%) Hyper-V
9 6 (0.14%) Virtual Desktop
9 6 (0.14%) VMware ESXi
10 5 (0.12%) NFS
10 5 (0.12%) Veritas Cluster Server
10 5 (0.12%) VMware NSX
11 4 (0.095%) GPFS
11 4 (0.095%) VirtualBox
12 3 (0.071%) Microsoft Virtual Server
12 3 (0.071%) Oracle RAC
Systems Management
1 239 (5.68%) Kubernetes
2 176 (4.18%) Terraform
3 83 (1.97%) Ansible
4 68 (1.62%) Grafana
5 30 (0.71%) Prometheus
6 23 (0.55%) Single Sign-On
7 19 (0.45%) ITRS Geneos
8 17 (0.40%) SCCM
9 13 (0.31%) SCOM
10 12 (0.29%) Microsoft Clustering
11 11 (0.26%) PingFederate
12 10 (0.24%) Kibana
12 10 (0.24%) Microsoft Intune
13 9 (0.21%) BladeLogic
13 9 (0.21%) Control-M
13 9 (0.21%) Progress Chef
14 8 (0.19%) Docker Swarm
15 7 (0.17%) Data Guard
15 7 (0.17%) WSUS
16 6 (0.14%) NetBackup
Vendors
1 708 (16.82%) Oracle
2 657 (15.61%) Microsoft
3 233 (5.53%) Databricks
4 153 (3.63%) SAP
5 135 (3.21%) Google
6 121 (2.87%) PayPal
7 95 (2.26%) ServiceNow
8 86 (2.04%) VMware
9 85 (2.02%) Salesforce
10 61 (1.45%) Splunk
11 59 (1.40%) Informatica
12 53 (1.26%) Sybase
13 49 (1.16%) IBM
14 42 (1.00%) Citrix
15 36 (0.86%) Bloomberg
16 32 (0.76%) Alteryx
16 32 (0.76%) CyberArk
17 27 (0.64%) Cisco
17 27 (0.64%) Dynatrace
17 27 (0.64%) NEC