CI/CD
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for CI/CD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited CI/CD over the 6 months to 28 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
28 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 29 22 19
Rank change year-on-year -7 -3 -2
Contract jobs citing CI/CD 2,487 4,326 7,536
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 5.81% 7.69% 8.54%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 6.78% 8.57% 9.43%
Number of daily rates quoted 1,751 3,029 5,305
10th Percentile £400 £450 £438
25th Percentile £463 £500 £500
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £550 £600 £600
Median % change year-on-year -8.33% - +14.29%
75th Percentile £650 £688 £690
90th Percentile £750 £788 £775
UK excluding London median daily rate £538 £550 £525
% change year-on-year -2.27% +4.76% +10.53%
Number of hourly rates quoted 51 70 61
10th Percentile £51.25 £53.75 £35.00
25th Percentile £60.25 £60.91 £60.00
Median hourly rate £65.00 £65.61 £65.00
Median % change year-on-year -0.92% +0.93% +11.39%
75th Percentile £70.00 £75.00 £68.75
90th Percentile £72.50 £80.25 £77.50
UK excluding London median hourly rate £67.50 £65.61 £65.00
% change year-on-year +2.89% +0.93% +5.69%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

CI/CD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 36,703 50,479 79,939
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 85.70% 89.71% 90.60%
Number of daily rates quoted 23,654 34,954 56,109
10th Percentile £300 £325 £344
25th Percentile £413 £438 £431
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £538
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +2.33% +7.50%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £640
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £485
% change year-on-year - +3.04% +9.04%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,498 1,668 1,904
10th Percentile £12.74 £10.63 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £15.70 £15.52
Median hourly rate £36.50 £36.13 £25.68
Median % change year-on-year +1.04% +40.67% +7.00%
75th Percentile £60.00 £65.00 £49.50
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £65.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £38.00 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +8.57% +75.00% -4.99%

CI/CD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CI/CD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Daily rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 28 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Hourly rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 28 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Top 16 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CI/CD within the UK over the 6 months to 28 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -7 2,139 £553 -7.92% 1,228
London -6 1,321 £565 -9.24% 564
UK excluding London -6 877 £538 -2.27% 741
Work from Home -9 867 £550 -8.33% 749
North of England +3 296 £538 -2.27% 247
South East -20 180 £600 +4.35% 124
North West 0 167 £550 - 149
South West -12 152 £590 -1.67% 115
Scotland -5 127 £496 -0.80% 69
Yorkshire +14 117 £500 -12.28% 69
Midlands -28 62 £475 -11.63% 99
West Midlands -29 48 £475 -18.28% 74
East of England -23 40 £534 +2.69% 62
Wales +7 24 £509 -13.23% 20
North East -15 12 £469 -21.88% 31
East Midlands -6 11 £398 -6.47% 25

CI/CD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 101 (4.06%) Confluence
2 74 (2.98%) Apache
2 74 (2.98%) Apache Spark
3 69 (2.77%) Apache Airflow
4 30 (1.21%) Microsoft Exchange
5 26 (1.05%) OpenStack
6 25 (1.01%) nginx
7 20 (0.80%) SharePoint
8 17 (0.68%) CMS
9 14 (0.56%) JBoss
10 13 (0.52%) Anypoint
11 11 (0.44%) IIS
12 10 (0.40%) BizTalk Server
13 9 (0.36%) Jupyter
13 9 (0.36%) SAS
14 8 (0.32%) Adobe Experience Manager
15 5 (0.20%) Apache Solr
15 5 (0.20%) Appian
15 5 (0.20%) Mule
15 5 (0.20%) Mule ESB
Applications
1 8 (0.32%) Microsoft Office
2 5 (0.20%) CPLEX
2 5 (0.20%) Microsoft Excel
3 4 (0.16%) Chatbot
4 3 (0.12%) Microsoft PowerPoint
4 3 (0.12%) Windchill
5 2 (0.080%) Gliffy
5 2 (0.080%) Trello
6 1 (0.040%) PlantUML
Business Applications
1 15 (0.60%) Dynamics CRM
2 10 (0.40%) Salesforce CRM
3 7 (0.28%) Endur
4 6 (0.24%) NEC Housing
4 6 (0.24%) SAP Hybris
5 4 (0.16%) SAP S/4HANA
5 4 (0.16%) Shopify
6 3 (0.12%) Aladdin
6 3 (0.12%) Distributed Ledger
6 3 (0.12%) ENOVIA
6 3 (0.12%) Remedy ITSM
6 3 (0.12%) Teamcenter
7 2 (0.080%) BusinessWorks
7 2 (0.080%) SimCorp Dimension
8 1 (0.040%) Fidessa
8 1 (0.040%) Magento
8 1 (0.040%) Markit EDM
8 1 (0.040%) NetSuite
8 1 (0.040%) Oracle EBS
8 1 (0.040%) Workday HCM
Cloud Services
1 912 (36.67%) AWS
2 867 (34.86%) Azure
3 366 (14.72%) Azure DevOps
4 308 (12.38%) Serverless
5 300 (12.06%) GitHub
6 289 (11.62%) GCP
7 187 (7.52%) Amazon S3
8 172 (6.92%) AWS Lambda
9 155 (6.23%) Entra ID
10 129 (5.19%) Amazon EC2
11 117 (4.70%) OpenShift
12 106 (4.26%) AWS CloudFormation
13 100 (4.02%) GitHub Actions
14 92 (3.70%) Azure Functions
15 91 (3.66%) Amazon EKS
16 88 (3.54%) Azure Cosmos DB
17 81 (3.26%) Amazon CloudWatch
18 74 (2.98%) Azure Monitor
19 73 (2.94%) PaaS
20 71 (2.85%) Virtual Private Cloud
Communications & Networking
1 164 (6.59%) Firewall
2 106 (4.26%) VPN
3 72 (2.90%) DNS
4 49 (1.97%) TCP/IP
5 46 (1.85%) HTTP
6 38 (1.53%) Network Security
7 32 (1.29%) SSL
8 28 (1.13%) DHCP
9 15 (0.60%) BGP
10 13 (0.52%) SAN
11 11 (0.44%) Ethernet
12 10 (0.40%) Ethernet VPN
12 10 (0.40%) MPLS
12 10 (0.40%) Radio Access Network
12 10 (0.40%) VSAN
12 10 (0.40%) Wi-Fi
13 8 (0.32%) AMQP
13 8 (0.32%) Internet
14 7 (0.28%) Reverse Proxy
15 6 (0.24%) Intranet
Database & Business Intelligence
1 189 (7.60%) SQL Server
2 178 (7.16%) NoSQL
3 140 (5.63%) PostgreSQL
4 104 (4.18%) MongoDB
4 104 (4.18%) Relational Database
5 79 (3.18%) Data Warehouse
6 73 (2.94%) Amazon RDS
6 73 (2.94%) Elasticsearch
7 71 (2.85%) MySQL
8 66 (2.65%) Azure SQL Database
8 66 (2.65%) Data Lake
9 62 (2.49%) Big Data
10 59 (2.37%) Power BI
11 46 (1.85%) DynamoDB
12 35 (1.41%) Amazon Redshift
13 33 (1.33%) BigQuery
14 32 (1.29%) Redis
15 28 (1.13%) Oracle Database
16 27 (1.09%) Hadoop
17 24 (0.97%) Apache Cassandra
Development Applications
1 579 (23.28%) Jenkins
2 470 (18.90%) Git
3 313 (12.59%) GitLab
4 207 (8.32%) JIRA
5 121 (4.87%) Selenium
6 109 (4.38%) Cypress.io
7 84 (3.38%) Cucumber
8 77 (3.10%) Postman
9 70 (2.81%) TeamCity
10 68 (2.73%) Bitbucket
11 66 (2.65%) JUnit
12 54 (2.17%) Atlassian Bamboo
13 53 (2.13%) SpecFlow
14 51 (2.05%) Visual Studio
15 50 (2.01%) Maven
16 48 (1.93%) Artifactory
17 47 (1.89%) SonarQube
18 44 (1.77%) JMeter
19 32 (1.29%) Mockito
19 32 (1.29%) WebDriver
General
1 506 (20.35%) Social Skills
2 449 (18.05%) Finance
3 228 (9.17%) Public Sector
4 200 (8.04%) Analytical Skills
5 168 (6.76%) Banking
6 65 (2.61%) Front Office
7 54 (2.17%) Retail
8 46 (1.85%) Inclusion and Diversity
9 39 (1.57%) Presentation Skills
10 34 (1.37%) Telecoms
11 29 (1.17%) Investment Banking
11 29 (1.17%) Law
12 25 (1.01%) Legal
13 23 (0.92%) Pharmaceutical
14 22 (0.88%) Back Office
15 19 (0.76%) Aerospace
15 19 (0.76%) Financial Institution
16 18 (0.72%) Manufacturing
16 18 (0.72%) Marketing
17 17 (0.68%) Electronics
Job Titles
1 698 (28.07%) Developer
2 387 (15.56%) DevOps Engineer
3 367 (14.76%) Senior
4 257 (10.33%) Architect
5 204 (8.20%) Lead
6 159 (6.39%) Senior Developer
7 143 (5.75%) Java Developer
8 141 (5.67%) Azure Engineer
9 137 (5.51%) AWS Engineer
10 126 (5.07%) Data Engineer
11 124 (4.99%) Software Engineer
12 115 (4.62%) Full Stack Developer
13 94 (3.78%) AWS DevOps
14 90 (3.62%) Python Developer
15 82 (3.30%) AWS DevOps Engineer
15 82 (3.30%) Cloud Engineer
16 74 (2.98%) Software Developer
17 70 (2.81%) Azure Developer
17 70 (2.81%) Solutions Architect
18 67 (2.69%) Java Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 288 (11.58%) React
2 282 (11.34%) .NET
3 252 (10.13%) Node.js
4 234 (9.41%) REST
5 173 (6.96%) Spring
6 162 (6.51%) HTML
7 156 (6.27%) Kafka
8 154 (6.19%) XML
9 151 (6.07%) Spring Boot
10 146 (5.87%) CSS
11 113 (4.54%) RESTful
12 111 (4.46%) .NET Core
13 106 (4.26%) AngularJS
14 91 (3.66%) JSON
15 90 (3.62%) Elastic Stack
16 87 (3.50%) YAML
17 83 (3.34%) .NET Framework
18 76 (3.06%) ARM Templates
19 68 (2.73%) Web Services
20 67 (2.69%) GraphQL
Miscellaneous
1 170 (6.84%) Product Ownership
2 95 (3.82%) Public Cloud
3 85 (3.42%) Cloud Native
4 75 (3.02%) Distributed Systems
5 60 (2.41%) Algorithms
6 58 (2.33%) Linux Command Line
7 57 (2.29%) Data Structures
8 53 (2.13%) Greenfield Project
9 52 (2.09%) Mobile App
10 43 (1.73%) Legacy Systems
11 39 (1.57%) Data Protection Act
12 37 (1.49%) Data Centre
12 37 (1.49%) Derivative
13 33 (1.33%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
14 31 (1.25%) Onboarding
14 31 (1.25%) PKI
15 30 (1.21%) Management Information System
16 29 (1.17%) Self-Motivation
17 28 (1.13%) Enterprise Software
18 26 (1.05%) Fixed Income
Operating Systems
1 424 (17.05%) Linux
2 205 (8.24%) Windows
3 101 (4.06%) Windows Server
4 99 (3.98%) Unix
5 81 (3.26%) Android
6 66 (2.65%) Apple iOS
7 58 (2.33%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
8 27 (1.09%) CentOS
9 23 (0.92%) Windows Server 2019
10 22 (0.88%) Windows Server 2016
11 15 (0.60%) VMS
12 13 (0.52%) Ubuntu
13 7 (0.28%) Embedded Linux
14 5 (0.20%) Alpine Linux
15 4 (0.16%) AIX
15 4 (0.16%) Solaris
15 4 (0.16%) VxWorks
16 3 (0.12%) Windows 10
16 3 (0.12%) Windows Server 2012
17 1 (0.040%) Oracle Linux
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,437 (57.78%) DevOps
2 1,091 (43.87%) Agile
3 498 (20.02%) Infrastructure as Code
4 495 (19.90%) Test Automation
5 424 (17.05%) Continuous Integration
6 384 (15.44%) Software Engineering
7 376 (15.12%) Microservices
8 357 (14.35%) Containerisation
9 341 (13.71%) Problem-Solving
10 329 (13.23%) Scrum
11 261 (10.49%) TDD
12 247 (9.93%) SDLC
13 230 (9.25%) Full Stack Development
14 188 (7.56%) Migration
15 173 (6.96%) Computer Science
16 171 (6.88%) Analytics
17 158 (6.35%) Continuous Delivery
18 156 (6.27%) Unit Testing
19 155 (6.23%) Continuous Deployment
20 147 (5.91%) Configuration Management
Programming Languages
1 854 (34.34%) Python
2 563 (22.64%) Java
3 452 (18.17%) SQL
4 361 (14.52%) JavaScript
5 338 (13.59%) PowerShell
6 312 (12.55%) C#
7 223 (8.97%) TypeScript
8 216 (8.69%) Bash
9 135 (5.43%) Go
10 95 (3.82%) Bicep
11 94 (3.78%) Shell Script
12 86 (3.46%) C++
13 59 (2.37%) Perl
14 55 (2.21%) Scala
15 51 (2.05%) Kotlin
16 42 (1.69%) Ruby
17 40 (1.61%) C
18 35 (1.41%) Groovy
19 25 (1.01%) PHP
20 23 (0.92%) VBScript
Qualifications
1 476 (19.14%) Security Cleared
2 365 (14.68%) SC Cleared
3 202 (8.12%) Degree
4 122 (4.91%) DV Cleared
5 118 (4.74%) Computer Science Degree
6 42 (1.69%) AWS Certification
7 28 (1.13%) Azure Certification
8 26 (1.05%) Master's Degree
9 19 (0.76%) CISSP
9 19 (0.76%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
10 18 (0.72%) AWS Certified DevOps Engineer
11 15 (0.60%) BPSS Clearance
12 14 (0.56%) CISM
13 12 (0.48%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
13 12 (0.48%) ISTQB
14 7 (0.28%) AAT
15 6 (0.24%) CISA
15 6 (0.24%) Microsoft Certification
16 5 (0.20%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
17 4 (0.16%) Numerate Degree
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 160 (6.43%) QA
2 62 (2.49%) Accessibility
3 49 (1.97%) Data Quality
4 21 (0.84%) MISRA
5 20 (0.80%) ISO/IEC 27001
5 20 (0.80%) NIST
6 18 (0.72%) GDPR
7 15 (0.60%) SLA
7 15 (0.60%) WCAG
8 14 (0.56%) PCI DSS
9 13 (0.52%) Disclosure Scotland
10 9 (0.36%) HIPAA
11 7 (0.28%) NCSC
12 5 (0.20%) ISO 9001
13 4 (0.16%) ISO 20022
13 4 (0.16%) MiFID
13 4 (0.16%) MISRA C
13 4 (0.16%) PMO
14 3 (0.12%) Cyber Essentials
14 3 (0.12%) ISO 22301
System Software
1 564 (22.68%) Docker
2 186 (7.48%) Active Directory
3 69 (2.77%) Virtual Machines
4 31 (1.25%) VMware Infrastructure
5 24 (0.97%) VMware NSX
6 22 (0.88%) Virtual Desktop
7 14 (0.56%) Apache ZooKeeper
8 10 (0.40%) vCloud
8 10 (0.40%) vSphere
9 9 (0.36%) HDFS
9 9 (0.36%) VMware ESXi
10 7 (0.28%) Firmware
11 3 (0.12%) Hyper-V
11 3 (0.12%) LXC
12 2 (0.080%) Embedded Firmware
13 1 (0.040%) Apache Flume
13 1 (0.040%) Ceph
13 1 (0.040%) NFS
13 1 (0.040%) Oracle RAC
13 1 (0.040%) Postfix
Systems Management
1 657 (26.42%) Kubernetes
2 632 (25.41%) Terraform
3 371 (14.92%) Ansible
4 158 (6.35%) Grafana
5 134 (5.39%) Prometheus
6 80 (3.22%) Puppet
7 65 (2.61%) Progress Chef
8 57 (2.29%) Kibana
9 33 (1.33%) logstash
10 25 (1.01%) PowerCLI
11 23 (0.92%) Packer
12 22 (0.88%) SCOM
13 21 (0.84%) Active Directory Federation Services
13 21 (0.84%) Docker Swarm
13 21 (0.84%) Single Sign-On
14 20 (0.80%) Microsoft Intune
15 19 (0.76%) Istio
15 19 (0.76%) SCCM
15 19 (0.76%) WSUS
16 18 (0.72%) Argo
Vendors
1 353 (14.19%) Microsoft
2 149 (5.99%) Google
3 117 (4.70%) Oracle
4 77 (3.10%) Splunk
5 72 (2.90%) Databricks
6 62 (2.49%) VMware
7 50 (2.01%) Salesforce
8 49 (1.97%) SAP
9 41 (1.65%) ServiceNow
10 39 (1.57%) Atlassian
11 38 (1.53%) IBM
11 38 (1.53%) Red Hat
12 30 (1.21%) MuleSoft
13 27 (1.09%) CyberArk
14 26 (1.05%) Dell
15 22 (0.88%) HP
16 19 (0.76%) Cisco
17 18 (0.72%) BeyondTrust
18 17 (0.68%) TIBCO
19 16 (0.64%) AppDynamics